Protein cytoplasmic delivery using polyampholyte nanoparticles and freeze concentration

A Freeze‐Concentration and Polyampholyte‐Modified Liposome‐Based Antigen‐Delivery System for Effective Immunotherapy

“…In the past, use of the freeze‐concentration technology has been limited to the food industry and was used for the production of fruit juices, of coffee, and of tea extracts . Our earlier studies showed the effective use of freeze‐concentration to enhance the concentration of proteins in the external media close to the cell membrane, leading to membrane adsorption and ultimately protein internalization inside the cells. Freeze‐concentration offers high cell viability, low cost, and an enhanced interaction between the protein–nanocarrier complex and the cell membrane.…”

“…Therefore, to improve on the physical method for effective cytoplasmic delivery of antigens, further research is required. To this end, we previously developed a new freeze‐concentration method that can deliver antigens to cells . The gradual formation of ice crystals over a temperature range of −5 to −45 °C excludes solute molecules, thereby enhancing the solute concentration in the extracellular solution by means of phase separation .…”

Modelling the interaction processes between nanoparticles and biomacromolecules of variable hydrophobicity: Monte Carlo simulations

“…23,24 Indeed, Fowler et al 25 showed that the hydrophobicity variation modifies the ionization behavior of short polypeptides, hence influencing their reactivity. 28,29 On the other hand, polyampholyte-coated magnetite nanoparticles have shown promising properties for magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) by eliminating strong interactions with proteins. 26,27 Nanoparticles based on or coated with polyampholytes are also of main importance in the complex formation with proteins whose isoelectric point is high, or in protein delivery acting as nanocarriers.…”

Amphiphilic poly(amino acid) based micelles applied to drug delivery: The in vitro and in vivo challenges and the corresponding potential strategies

“…Numbers of hydrophobic groups or PEG-b-PLL pDNA Electrostatic interactions A D h of ca. 100 nm, a low absolute ζ-potential value and excellent colloidal stability [42] ε-PLL-DDSA-SA BSA; lysozyme Electrostatic interactions EE reached almost 100% for BSA and 90% for lysozyme [28] ε-PLL-g-OSA Curcuminoids Hydrophobic interaction DL of 5.3%; ε-PLL-g-OSA micelles increased solubility of curcuminoids in water by 5000 folds [84] γ-PGlu-b-PLLA PTX Hydrophobic interaction DL of 6.1%; as feed weight ration of PTX to copolymer, DL of PTX-loaded micelle increased [85] γ-PGlu-g-L-PAE ODN-protamine polyplex Electrostatic interactions EE of 80%; the amount of ODN in the micelles and the EE were increased as the ratio of N/P increased [86] PEG-(PCL-b-γ-PGlu) DOX Electrostatic; hydrophobic interaction DL of 12.14% and EE of 97.22%; γ-PGlu block exhibited shrinking and aggregation at low pH which led to a slow drug release [87] polymeric segment have been exploited to modify its α-carboxylic groups or terminal amino group, synthesizing amphiphilic grafted copolymer or block copolymer [23]. These hydrophobic segments included poly(L-lactide) or poly(D-lactide), cholesterol [24], and Lphenylalanine ethylester (L-PAE) [25].…”

“…15 nm, which was smaller than those of amphiphilic ε-PLL-DDSA copolymer (diameter ca. 100 nm) due to the intermolecular hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions [28].…”