Protein-Energy Malnutrition in Children

Ahmed, Tahmeed; Hossain, M I; Islam, M Munirul; Ahmed, Anisuddin; Afroze, Farzana; Chisti, Mohammod Jobayer

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-55512-8.00143-5

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The incidence of this medical condition has strong ties with the socio-economic development of countries 14,15 . In a study done by Ahmed et al in 2020, they concluded that children with poor wealth quantile had the highest rate of malnutrition 3 . In an identical study, Garcia et al examined socioeconomic inequalities and malnutrition in Colombian children where they concluded that the poorest households were five times more likely to be malnourished as compared to others 16 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The three types of PEM are Marasmus, Kwashiorkor and Marasmic Kwashiorkor. These types are further categorized as mild, moderate and severe based upon expected weight percentage for length using international standards 3 . Marasmus is the most common form in developing countries due to nutritional deficits resulting in body muscle and fat loss.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Under Five Girls Found More Prone to Protein Energy Malnutrition Compared to Boys: A Squatter Settlement Study from Karachi

2023

PJMD

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Background: Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), is an imbalance between protein and energy intake and the body’s requirement for optimal growth. In Pakistan, almost 40% of children, less than 5 years, have stunted growth, while 17.7% suffer from muscle wasting. This study aimed to explore the frequency of the different types of protein energy malnutrition in children under 5 years residing in Sikandarabad and evaluate the risk factors leading to this condition. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study, recruited 220 children less than 5 years of age. Previous health record was investigated. Physical examination was done and anthropometric measurements of each child were plotted on WHO/CDC Growth Standard Charts to classify the degree of protein energy malnutrition. Binary and multivariate logistic regression was computed to see a significant association with the outcome. Results: The prevalence of PEM was 136(61.5%). Overall girls were underweight (9±3.8 kg) and stunted (77.2±16.1) compared to boys. Delayed weaning was a significant risk factor for PEM (p=0.044). The majority of children belonged to Low socio-economic status 65(47.8%), with more than 2 siblings. However, 40(29.4%) of those below 5 years were malnourished. A positive association (OR:1.37,1.21) was found between PEM and acute illnesses (56.6%), worm infestation (14%) and measles outbreaks (5.9%). Conclusion: Young girls (9±3.8 kg) were found severely undernourished compared to boys. This is probably because of bias attitude toward gender preference in the distribution of quality food (p=0.14). Keywords: Protein Energy Malnutrition; Underweight; Stunting; Wasting; Overweight.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Under Five Girls Found More Prone to Protein Energy Malnutrition Compared to Boys: A Squatter Settlement Study from Karachi

2023

PJMD

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“…Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a common childhood disorder and it is commonly caused by deficiency of micronutrients protein and energy. PEM manifests as underweight (low body weight compared with healthy children), stunting (poor body growth), wasting (acute weight loss), or edematous malnutrition (kwashiorkor) (Ahmed et al 2020). PEM has been named by the WHO as one of the main issues affecting children worldwide.…”

Section: Protein Energy Malnutrition (Pem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Malnutrition in Children of Growing Age and the Associated Health Concerns

2023

IJAB

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“…Of these, 41% and 27% stunted and wasted children, respectively, live in Africa (UNICEF/WHO & World Bank Group, 2021 ). Such children have increased susceptibility to impaired physical and cognitive development, morbidity, and mortality (Ahmed et al., 2020 ; Bosch‐Bayard et al., 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fortifying sorghum and wheat with Longhorn grasshopper (Ruspolia differens) powder on nutritional composition and consumer acceptability of biscuits

Ronoh,

Serrem,

Tumwebaze

et al. 2024

Food Science & Nutrition

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This study aimed at improving the nutrient composition and protein quality of biscuits made from sorghum and wheat through fortification with Longhorn Ruspolia differens powder (RDP) for use as a supplementary food targeting children vulnerable to protein–energy malnutrition (PEM). Ten biscuit formulations were prepared by replacing a part of wheat and sorghum–wheat flours with 5, 15, 20, and 40% RDP. To establish the nutrient content of biscuits, proximate and mineral compositions were determined. The amino acid composition, reactive lysine and in vitro protein digestibility were determined for protein quality. Compositing wheat or wheat–sorghum biscuits with RDP increased the protein, fat, ash, and crude fiber by percentages as high as 118, 37, 133, and 573%, respectively. Mineral content increased with, iron, zinc, and potassium as high as 161, 219, and 169%, respectively. The lysine, reactive lysine and in vitro protein digestibility of the fortified biscuits increased significantly, relative to the 100% cereal biscuits. Fortification with RDP significantly improved the amino acid content of the biscuits but had a marginal effect on improvement of the lysine score and did not meet the reference pattern for children aged 3–10 years. The Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) of wheat–sorghum and wheat biscuits improved by 6% to 47% and 2% to 33%, respectively, compared to the control biscuits. The fortified biscuits were liked by the consumers. The RDP‐fortified biscuits have the potential to alleviate PME in developing countries.

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Protein-Energy Malnutrition in Children

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

Under Five Girls Found More Prone to Protein Energy Malnutrition Compared to Boys: A Squatter Settlement Study from Karachi

Under Five Girls Found More Prone to Protein Energy Malnutrition Compared to Boys: A Squatter Settlement Study from Karachi

Malnutrition in Children of Growing Age and the Associated Health Concerns

Effect of fortifying sorghum and wheat with Longhorn grasshopper (Ruspolia differens) powder on nutritional composition and consumer acceptability of biscuits

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