Protein extraction from biomass in a bioethanol refinery – Possible dietary applications: Use as animal feed and potential extension to human consumption

Seaweed as a protein source for mono-gastric livestock

“…RuBisCO alone can represent up to 65% of total soluble leaf protein (Ellis, 1979;Spreitzer & Salvucci, 2002). The potential therefore exists to optimise protein extraction procedures for seaweeds by incorporating elements of grass and leaf protein extraction protocols that use fresh biomass and have a more mechanical focus (Bals & Dale, 2011;Chiesa & Gnansounou, 2011;Sinclair, 2009). The crude protein (determined using a 6.25 N-to-protein conversion factor) of seaweed protein extracts has been determined in a limited number of studies (range ¼ 33.4e86.3% dw) (Kandasamy et al, 2012;Kumar et al, 2014;Wong & Cheung, 2001a, 2001b.…”

Enzymatic production of wheat and ryegrass derived xylooligosaccharides and evaluation of their in vitro effect on pig gut microbiota

“…perfringens, 8.8 ± 0.1 log cfu/g lactic acid bacteria 2 Negative control was a tube containing buffer instead of oligosaccharide Table 3 Effect of arabinoxylooligosaccharides (AXOS) and xylooligosaccharides (XOS) prepared from hydrothermally pretreated ryegrass pulp using endo-1,4-β-xylanases from different sources on in vitro growth of various microbial groups from pig faeces 1 The feces slurry contained 5.4 ± 0.2 log cfu/g Enterobacteriaceae, 2.6 ± 0.5 log cfu/g Cl. perfringens, 8.6 ± 0.5 log cfu/g lactic acid bacteria 2 Negative control contained buffer instead of oligosaccharide 3 Positive control contained fructooligosaccharides (FOS) from chicory instead of the experimental oligosaccharides 4 Hydrothermal pretreatment supernatant was obtained after autoclaving milled RG at 140°C for 60 min derived from many natural polysaccharides have been shown to have prebiotic effects (e.g., FOS, galactooligosaccharides, maltooligosaccharides, and gentiooligosaccharides) [25]; and FOS are now accepted as the golden standard of prebiotics [26]. In order to evaluate the oligosaccharide effect on pig gut health, oligosaccharide samples prepared in this study were incubated with pig fecal microbiota under anaerobic conditions.…”

“…In Europe, green and yellow biomass, e.g., fresh plant leaves and cereal straw, respectively, is an abundant, sustainable and accessible raw material for multi-purpose biorefinery processing. According to the latest advances in green biomass biorefinery [3,4], mechanical processing of green biomass enables its fractionation into two streams-green juice and pulp. Plant protein can be recovered from the green juice and used as a feed ingredient for monogastric animals.…”

Use of cultivars of low cost, agroindustrial and urban waste in the production of cellulosic ethanol in Brazil: A proposal to utilization of microdistillery

“…Some lignocellulosic materials enable the extraction of protein before the pretreatment stage; the protein can be used for protein enrichment in food industry and formulation of nitrogen compounds [81][82][83].…”