Protein, glucose and lipid metabolism in the cancer cachexia: A preliminary report

Dodesini, Alessandro Roberto; Benedini, Stefano; Terruzzi, Ileana; Sereni, Lucia Piceni; Luzi, Livio

doi:10.1080/02841860600791491

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In patients with advanced PC, supplementation with n-3 PUFA led to weight gain, an increase in LBM, and changes in plasma EPA correlated positively with changes in body weight and LBM (63). EPA may support the anabolic potential of muscle acting against the insensitivity of skeletal muscle of cancer patients to insulin (64). Supplementation with EPA could attenuate muscle degradation by decreasing the expression of proteasome subunits, which are elevated in cancer cachexia (31), or by downregulating the acute-phase response.…”

Section: Downloaded By [University Of Windsor] At 17:24 17 November 2014mentioning

confidence: 86%

Plasma Fatty Acid Composition in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer: Correlations to Clinical Parameters

Macášek

Vecka

Žák

et al. 2012

Nutrition and Cancer

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Pancreatic cancer (PC) ranks as the fourth cause of cancer-related deaths in the Czech Republic. Evidence exists that deregulation of fatty acid (FA) metabolism is connected with some malignancies; therefore, we decided to analyze FA profile in plasma lipid classes in patients with PC with relation to tumor staging, nutritional status, and survival. The study included 84 patients (47 males, 37 females) with PC and 68 controls (36 males, 32 females). FA patterns were analyzed in plasma lipid classes by gas-chromatography. We observed increased proportion of total monounsaturated FA (MUFA) in PC group in all plasma lipid classes. These changes were connected with increased Δ9-desaturase (SCD1) and Δ5-desaturase indices. Correlations of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DHGLA) with these variables were opposite. Longer survival of patients was connected with higher content of EPA, DHA, and with lower SCD1 index, respectively. Plasma phospholipid proportions of α-linolenic acid, DHGLA, EPA, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids displayed negative trend with tumor staging. Plasma lipid FA pattern in PC patients resulted from decreased dietary fat intake and increased de novo synthesis of FA with transformation into MUFA. Changes in FA profile implicated some pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for disturbed FA metabolism in PC and importance of appropriate nutritional support.

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Section: Downloaded By [University Of Windsor] At 17:24 17 November 2014mentioning

confidence: 86%

Plasma Fatty Acid Composition in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer: Correlations to Clinical Parameters

Macášek

Vecka

Žák

et al. 2012

Nutrition and Cancer

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“…The loss of muscle oxidative capacity in the later stages of cancer cachexia also corresponds with the development of severe insulin resistance in several rodent models [10,47] . Insulin sensitivity as well as lipid metabolism are impaired in cancer patients with recent weight loss [7] . However, in lung cancer patients exhibiting significant weight loss muscle oxidative capacity has been reported to be preserved [48] .…”

Section: Skeletal Muscle Oxidative Metabolism and Cancer Cachexiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, for biomedical research to either promote the discovery or enhance existing therapeutic approaches to effectively treat cachexia, the facets of body weight loss that are the critical lynch pins for survival need to be further established. There is evidence that cancer-induced weight loss is associated with global endocrine and metabolic abnormalities [6,7] , and the disrupted function of many tissues and organs, including the gut, brain, heart, liver, and adipose [8–10] . Nevertheless, for some time, critical importance has been placed on cancer-induced skeletal muscle mass loss [5] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The emerging role of skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism as a biological target and cellular regulator of cancer-induced muscle wasting

Carson

Hardee

VanderVeen

2016

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology

131

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While skeletal muscle mass is an established primary outcome related to understanding cancer cachexia mechanisms, considerable gaps exist in our understanding of muscle biochemical and functional properties that have recognized roles in systemic health. Skeletal muscle quality is a classification beyond mass, and is aligned with muscle's metabolic capacity and substrate utilization flexibility. This supplies an additional role for the mitochondria in cancer-induced muscle wasting. While the historical assessment of mitochondria content and function during cancer-induced muscle loss was closely aligned with energy flux and wasting susceptibility, this understanding has expanded to link mitochondria dysfunction to cellular processes regulating myofiber wasting. The primary objective of this article is to highlight muscle mitochondria and oxidative metabolism as a biological target of cancer cachexia and also as a cellular regulator of cancer-induced muscle wasting. Initially, we examine the role of muscle metabolic phenotype and mitochondria content in cancer-induced wasting susceptibility. We then assess the evidence for cancer-induced regulation of skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, mitophagy, and oxidative stress. In addition, we discuss environments associated with cancer cachexia that can impact the regulation of skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism. The article also examines the role of cytokine-mediated regulation of mitochondria function regulation, followed by the potential role of cancer-induced hypogonadism. Lastly, a role for decreased muscle use in cancer-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is reviewed.

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“…Insulin resistance is present in patients with cancer cachexia. 15, 16 We previously reported that the onset of insulin resistance occurs prior to weight loss in mice with colon-26 tumors, suggesting a role for insulin resistance in cachexia pathogenesis. 17 Rosiglitazone is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorgamma (PPAR-c) agonist and insulin sensitizing agent primarily used for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rosiglitazone delayed weight loss and anorexia while attenuating adipose depletion in mice with cancer cachexia

Michelle

Tian

Kliewer

et al. 2011

Cancer Biology & Therapy

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Cachexia is characterized by severe weight loss, including adipose and muscle wasting, and occurs in a large percentage of cancer patients. Insulin resistance contributes to dysregulated metabolism in cachexia and occurs prior to weight loss in mice with colon-26 tumor-induced cachexia. Therefore, we hypothesized that the insulin sensitizer, rosiglitazone, would attenuate the loss of adipose and muscle to result in improved outcomes for mice with late-stage cachexia. Male CD2F1 mice were inoculated with colon-26 adenocarcinoma cells or vehicle. Treatments included vehicle, rosiglitazone (10 mg/kg body weight/day) or rosiglitazone plus pair-feeding to food intake of vehicle-treated mice with tumors. Rosiglitazone delayed weight loss onset by 2 d over the 16 d duration of this aggressive tumor model. This finding was associated, in part, with increased food intake. In addition, adipose mass, adipocyte cross-sectional area and inflammation were improved with rosiglitazone. However, at the time of necropsy 16 d after tumor inoculation rosiglitazone had no effect on retention of muscle mass, strength or proteolysis in late-stage cachexia. We did not measure stamina or endurance in this study. In early-stage cachexia, rosiglitazone normalized PDK4 and PPAR-delta mRNA in quadriceps muscle and rescued the decrease in insulin-stimulated glucose disappearance in mice with tumors. Rosiglitazone may delay weight loss onset by decreasing tumor-induced markers of metabolic change in early-stage cachexia. These changes predict for modest improvement in adipose, but no improvement in muscle strength in late-stage cachexia.

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Protein, glucose and lipid metabolism in the cancer cachexia: A preliminary report

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Plasma Fatty Acid Composition in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer: Correlations to Clinical Parameters

Plasma Fatty Acid Composition in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer: Correlations to Clinical Parameters

The emerging role of skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism as a biological target and cellular regulator of cancer-induced muscle wasting

Rosiglitazone delayed weight loss and anorexia while attenuating adipose depletion in mice with cancer cachexia

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