Protein Hydrolysate of Poultry by-Product and Swine Liver in the Diet of Pacific White Shrimp

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the use of protein hydrolysate of poultry by-product and swine liver in the diet of Litopenaeus vannamei and its effect on the intestinal microbiota and on the enzymatic activity of the hepatopancreas. Shrimp (10.94 ± 0.90 g) were fed with diets containing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of replacement of salmon by-product meal by protein hydrolysate, in triplicate. The hepatopancreas enzymatic activity and composition of intestinal microbiota was studied. It was observed that the protein hydrolysate in the diet changed the enzymatic activity of the shrimp when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Amylase activity increases directly with the percent of protein replacement in the diet. Metagenomic analysis revealed change in the gut biome of the shrimps. The increasing levels of protein replacement provided greater richness in the 75% and 100% treatments, were mainly related to changes in the abundances in the families Rhodobacteraceae and Flavobacteriaceae. A reduction in the abundance of the Vibrionaceae family was observed with the inclusion of protein hydrolysate in the diet. These results indicate that the protein hydrolysate demonstrated beneficial changes when added at concentrations of 25% in the diet of L. vannamei.

Partial Replacement of Fish Meal with Protein Hydrolysates in the Diet of Penaeus vannamei (Boone, 1934) during the Nursery Phase

“…These results reinforce that diets with hydrolysates are nutritionally balanced for the Pacific white shrimp. This ensures less dependence on fishmeal [11], the main protein ingredient and the higher cost component in shrimp feeds [4]. Hydrolysates are environmentally and economically sustainable.…”

“…Studies of Córdova-Murueta [12] demonstrated that the use of fish protein hydrolysates stimulates the activities of P. vannamei proteases (trypsin and chymotrypsin), especially at lower concentrations (below 10%) of hydrolysates. On the other hand, Soares [11] and Shao [9] showed that the activity of amylase, proteases, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and aminopeptidase from P. vannamei had no significant differences among treatments with protein hydrolysates of poultry by-products and swine liver (25,50,75, and 100% of fish meal replacement) and fish by-products (15% of fish meal replacement), respectively. In P. vannamei diets, the optimal inclusion level of chicken by-product protein hydrolysates and pork liver hydrolysates was 4.8%, replacing 24% of the fish meal in the diet [10], and it led to beneficial changes in the shrimp's intestinal microbiota, with a reduction in the abundance of the Vibrionaceae family [11].…”

“…Some peptides of animal origin also possess antimicrobial, antioxidant, antihypertensive, and immunomodulatory activities [5]. Studies have reported positive results regarding the growth performance and health of shrimp and fish fed with diets containing protein hydrolysates, a promising source of bioactive peptides [4,6,[8][9][10][11]. The differences in the effects of protein hydrolysates, when used as a substitute for fishmeal, on the growth performance of aquatic animals may be related to the source and processing technology of protein hydrolysates and the molecular weight of peptides and free amino acids that could interact and affect, for example, the protein structure and digestive enzyme recognition sites [12].…”

“…The differences in the effects of protein hydrolysates, when used as a substitute for fishmeal, on the growth performance of aquatic animals may be related to the source and processing technology of protein hydrolysates and the molecular weight of peptides and free amino acids that could interact and affect, for example, the protein structure and digestive enzyme recognition sites [12]. Studies show that ingredients composed of protein hydrolysates can be included in lower concentrations in shrimp diets to favor better growth performance and intestinal microbiota [5,[9][10][11].…”

Different Protein Hydrolysates Can Be Used in the Penaeus vannamei (Boone, 1934) Diet as a Partial Replacement for Fish Meal during the Grow-Out Phase

“…However, fish meals come at a high cost due to these characteristics. To produce high-quality feeds at a lower cost, several experiments have been conducted to replace fish meals with alternative proteins in Pacific white shrimp diet [4,[7][8][9][10][11]. Among the alternative proteins available on the market, hydrolyzed proteins offer advantages in terms of physical, chemical, and nutritional property optimization compared to non-hydrolyzed proteins.…”