Protein Inhibitors of Cysteine Proteinases. I. Isolation and Characterization of Stefin, a Cytosolic Protein Inhibitor of Cysteine Proteinases from Human Polymorphonuclear Granulocytes

Brzin, Jože; Kopitar, M.; Türk, Vito; Machleidt, Werner

doi:10.1515/bchm2.1983.364.2.1475

Cited by 104 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Human cystatin C was purified from human serum [4] and human Stefin B from spleen by using the procedure given in [5]. Pancreatic trypsin inhibitor was obtained from Mobay Pharmaceutical and rat alpha-1-macroglobulin was a gift of Dr. K. Lonberg-Holm.…”

Section: Purification Of Poliovirus Protease and Inhibitor Binding Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral therapy: Prospects for protease inhibitors

Korant

Towatari

Ivanoff

et al. 1986

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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Antiviral activities of known protease inhibitors were assayed in virus-infected cell cultures. Some members of the cystatin superfamily, in particular chicken cystatin, were able to block virus replication. In a binding assay, using purified components, chicken and human cystatin were able to bind poliovirus protease with affinities which were reflected in their relative antiviral potencies. Prospects for application of protease inhibitors in clinical viral infections are discussed.

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Section: Purification Of Poliovirus Protease and Inhibitor Binding Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral therapy: Prospects for protease inhibitors

Korant

Towatari

Ivanoff

et al. 1986

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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“…Stefin A has a broad inhibitory profile, but shows selective expression in tissues involved in the first-line immune response like skin epithelial cells (46) and polymorphonuclear granulocytes (47); it might be thus relevant for inhibiting peptidases from microbes invading through the skin. Furthermore, stefin A was proposed to have an important function in the development of the epidermis and in the associated neonatal immune response (48).…”

Section: Cystatins and The Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Cystatins, cysteine peptidase inhibitors, as regulators of immune cell cytotoxicity

et al. 2017

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Cystatins comprise a superfamily of evolutionarily related proteins, present in all living organisms, from protozoa to mammals. They act as inhibitors of cysteine peptidases although they can also function independently of their inhibitory function. Cysteine cathepsins are implicated in various physiological and pathological processes. In the immune response they are involved in antigen processing and presentation, the cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), migration and adhesion of immune cells, cytokine and growth factor regulation and toll-like receptor signalling. Cystatins are probably involved in the regulation of all these processes; importantly, cystatin F has a crucial role in the regulation of immune cell cytotoxicity. NK cells and CTLs exploit the granzyme/perforinAmong those peptidases involved in immune processes, many studies have been focused on a group of endosomal/lysosomal cysteine peptidases, the cysteine cathepsins, whose involvement in antigen processing and presentation, cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), migration and adhesion of immune cells, cytokine and growth factor regulation and toll like receptor (TLR) signalling have been demonstrated (3,4). In addition to cathepsins, another lysosomal cysteine peptidase, legumain or asparaginyl endopeptidase, has also been associated with the immune response, most notably with antigen presentation and TLR signalling (4, 5). The activities of cysteine cathepsins and legumain are regulated on different levels. Their expression, for example, is regulated at transcriptional or translational levels. They are synthesised as inactive precursors, activated only at the site of action, and compartmentalised into lysosomes or other organelles. Their activity can be regulated by oxidation of the active site cysteine or by endogenous protein inhibitors (6), the latter being presented in more detail. CYSTEINE CATHEPSINS AND LEGUMAIN AS REGULATORS OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSEIn humans, cysteine cathepsins comprise a group of 11 lysosomal peptidases (cathepsins B, C, F, H, K, L, O, S, V, X and W). They are members of the papain family, classified as clan CA (7). The expression pattern, levels, localization and specificities of cysteine cathepsins differ, contributing to their various physiological roles. Cathepsins B, H, L and C are expressed ubiquitously in cells and tissues, while expression of others is restricted to specific cell types. They are endopeptidases, with the exception of cathepsins B, C, H and X. Cathepsins B and X are carboxypeptidases, cleaving substrates at the C-terminal end, while cathepsins B and H are aminopeptidases, cleaving substrates at the N-terminal end. Interestingly, in addition to exopeptidase activity, cathepsins B and H also exhibit endopeptidase activity (7,8). Cathepsin B can act as an endo-or exopeptidase due to the position of the structural element, termed the occluding loop, while in cathepsin H the type of activity is determined by a minicha...

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“…Human stefin B (also termed cystatin B) possesses 98 amino acid residues (Mr= 11 kDa) and no carbohydrate groups or disulphide bridges [7], although it contains one free cysteine [8]. It is an intracellular protein, which tightly and reversibly binds to papain-like cysteine proteases.…”

Section: Human Stefin Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is an inhibitor of cathepsins B, L, H and S [7,10,11]. However, it exerts some additional functions.…”

Section: Human Stefin Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Function of Stefin B Oligomers – Important Role in Amyloidogenesis

Taler‐Verčič¹,

Polajnar²,

Žerovnik³

2014

Oligomerization of Chemical and Biological Compounds

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Protein Inhibitors of Cysteine Proteinases. I. Isolation and Characterization of Stefin, a Cytosolic Protein Inhibitor of Cysteine Proteinases from Human Polymorphonuclear Granulocytes

Cited by 104 publications

References 14 publications

Viral therapy: Prospects for protease inhibitors

Viral therapy: Prospects for protease inhibitors

Cystatins, cysteine peptidase inhibitors, as regulators of immune cell cytotoxicity

Structure and Function of Stefin B Oligomers – Important Role in Amyloidogenesis

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