Protein Intake, Uric Acid Metabolism and Protein Efficiency Ratio in Growing Chicks

Hevia, Patricio; Clifford, Andrew J.

doi:10.1093/jn/107.6.959

Cited by 41 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Não houve interação (P=0,45) entre as relações treonina digestível:lisina digestível e a suplementação ou não de glicina para a excreção de ácido úrico, que, nas aves que consumiram a dieta contendo farinha de carne e ossos, não diferiu da observada nas aves que se alimentaram da dieta vegetal, fato que diverge dos resultados encontrados por Hevia & Clifford (1977) ANOVA fatorial, principais efeitos: relação treo/lisina (ns, p=0,37). Glicina (ns, p=0,85).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Efeito de diferentes relações treonina: lisina digestíveis, suplementadas ou não com glicina, sobre a atividade enzimática em pintos de corte

Bernardino¹,

Albino²,

Rostagno³

et al. 2011

R. Bras. Zootec.

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RESUMO -O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da suplementação de glicina em dietas com diferentes relações treonina:lisina digestíveis sobre a atividade de enzimas que metabolizam a treonina. Foram utilizados 560 pintos de corte machos, linhagem Cobb, durante o período de 8 a 21 dias de idade, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, num arranjo fatorial 3 × 2 + 1, composto de três relações treonina:lisina digestíveis (55; 65 e 75%), com suplementação ou não de glicina, mais um tratamento adicional, contendo farinha de carne e ossos e com relação treonina:lisina digestíveis de 65%. Utilizaram-se oito repetições por tratamento e 10 aves por unidade experimental alojadas em baterias metálicas. Procedeu-se à coleta total de excretas durante toda a fase experimental. Para determinação da atividade das enzimas treonina aldolase, treonina desidrogenase e treonina desidratase, foram abatidas no final do experimento duas aves por unidade experimental para retirada do fígado. As relações treonina:lisina influenciaram a atividade das três enzimas no fígado: a maior atividade de treonina aldolase foi para a relação de 75%; a de treonina desidrogenase para a relação de 65%, e a de treonina desidratase para a relação de 55%. A suplementação de glicina reduz a atividade de todas as enzimas avaliadas.Palavras-chave: treonina aldolase, treonina desidratase, treonina desidrogenase Effect of different digestible threonine:digestible lysine ratios, with or without glycine supplementation, on the enzymatic activity in broiler chicks ABSTRACT -The experiment was conducted with the objective evaluating the effect of supplementation of glycine in diets with different digestible threonine:digestible lysine ratios on the activity of enzymes that metabolize threonine. Five hundred and sixty male broiler chicks from the Cobb strain were used during the period of 8 to 21 days, distributed in a completely randomized design, in a 3 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement, with 3 digestible threonine:digestible lysine ratios (55; 65 and 75%), with or without supplementation of glycine, plus an additional treatment, containing meat and bone meal, with a 65% digestible threonine:digestible lysine ratio. Eight repetitions were used per treatment and 10 birds per experimental unit, allotted in metal battery cages. The total excreta collection was performed throughout the whole experimental stage. For the determination of the activity of the threonine aldolase, threonine dehydrogenase and threonine dehydratase enzymes, at the end of the experiment, two birds were slaughtered and had their livers extracted. The threonine:lysine ratios influenced the activity of the three enzymes in the liver; while the greatest activity of the threonine aldolase was for the ratio of 75%, for threonine dehydrogenase it was 65%, and for the threonine dehydratase it was 55%. Supplementation of glycine reduced the activity of all enzymes evaluated.

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Efeito de diferentes relações treonina: lisina digestíveis, suplementadas ou não com glicina, sobre a atividade enzimática em pintos de corte

Bernardino¹,

Albino²,

Rostagno³

et al. 2011

R. Bras. Zootec.

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“…Hevia and Clifford (1977) reported a positive linear correlation between plasma uric acid and dietary protein intake. On the other hand Rosebrough et al (1992Rosebrough et al ( , 1999 found in male broiler chickens that decreasing dietary energy: protein ratio increased plasma uric acid concentration and addition of T 3 into diet decreased uric acid concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Behavioural, Endocrine, and Metabolic Effects of Food Restriction in Broiler Breeder Hens

Kubíková¹,

Výboh²,

Košťál³

2001

Acta Vet. Brno

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Kubíková ª., P. V˘boh, ª. Ko‰Èál: Behavioural, Endocrine and Metabolice Effects of Food Restriction in Broiler Breeder Hens. Acta Vet. Brno 2001, 70: 247-257.The effects of food restriction on behaviour, endocrine and metabolic parameters were studied in immature (13 weeks old) female breeding birds of the meat-type chickens (broiler breeders). Ad libitum fed hens were compared with those subjected to one qualitative (diet diluted with 30 % hardwood sawdust) and two quantitative (the daily ration recommended by the breeding company and twice that amount) food restriction treatments. Behaviour of quantitatively restricted hens provided with one daily meal showed marked diurnal variation, while that of hens with free access to food (ad libitum fed and qualitatively restricted) was more evenly distributed throughout the day. There were elevated plasma corticosterone concentrations in hens subjected to intensive quantitative restriction. Although an increase in corticosterone concentrations of hens subjected to qualitative food restriction was lower, it was significant in comparison with ad libitum control, indicating that even mild qualitative food restriction is stressful. Compared to ad libitum fed hens, there were decreased plasma T 3 concentrations in all food restriction treatments, while plasma T 4 concentrations increased in intensively quantitatively restricted hens. Food restriction did not affect plasma glucose and total proteins, whereas triacylglycerol levels were decreased and cholesterol increased as a consequence of restriction. Creatinine level was increased in hens with less intensive quantitative restriction and plasma concentration of uric acid was decreased in qualitatively restricted hens in comparison with all other treatments. These results suggest that although behaviour of qualitatively restricted-fed hens resemble more to that of ad libitum-fed hens, their physiological status reminds more quantitatively restricted ones.

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“…Nitrogen content of the samples was then determined using the procedure (Kjeldahl) described by AOAC (1995). A part of freeze-dried samples was prepared and extracted with lithium carbonate (Hevia and Clifford, 1977) in duplicate to use in determining uric acid content by enzymatic spectrophotometer (Spectrophotometer, Hitachi 0404-006, Hitachi Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; Liddle et al, 1959). To determine ammonia content of excreta, frozen samples were scanned in the near-infrared on a Foss NIRSystems model 6500 scanning monochromator (Foss NIRSystems, Silver Spring, MD; Reeves and VanKessel, 2000).…”

Section: Excreta Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Fortifying Low Crude Protein Diet with Crystalline Amino Acids on Performance, Blood Ammonia Level, and Excreta Characteristics of Broiler Chicks

2008

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A study was conducted in a completely randomized design to evaluate the performance, excreta characteristics, and some blood nitrogen metabolite concentrations of 28-d-old male broilers fed 4 experimental diets in which CP was decreased in a stepwise manner from 23 to 17%. The other 4 diets were formulated to have 19 and 17% CP, in which 2 of them contained an additional 10% of particular essential amino acids (EAA) and 2 were supplemented with Gly and Glu. Ileal digestible quantities of all EAA were almost equal in the diets, and total amount of each EAA was maintained at or above NRC requirements. Decreasing dietary CP below 19% depressed performance and appetite and increased fat deposition in the whole body and abdominal cavity significantly. Adding the Gly and Glu mixtures to low-CP diets improved performance and decreased fat deposition. Uric acid, moisture, and acidity of excreta were decreased by reduction of dietary CP; excretory ammonia level was increased in 17% CP diets. Blood ammonia level was increased and plasma uric acid was decreased with reduction of CP to 17%. Supplementing Gly and Glu increased plasma and excretory uric acid level in spite of decreasing blood ammonia concentration. The aminostatic hypothesis cannot explain the sharp reduction in appetite in this experiment, because alteration of dietary CP had no significant influence on most plasma free amino acid levels. Therefore, reduction of CP to 19% not only does not impair performance but also decrease nitrogen, ammonia, and pH of excreta that may improve upon litter and air quality. Adding large amounts of crystalline EAA to diets with low intact CP increased blood and excretory ammonia concentration, which due to its negative effects on tissue metabolism may be the main cause of retarded growth and appetite in decreased CP diets below 19%.

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Protein Intake, Uric Acid Metabolism and Protein Efficiency Ratio in Growing Chicks

Cited by 41 publications

References 28 publications

Efeito de diferentes relações treonina: lisina digestíveis, suplementadas ou não com glicina, sobre a atividade enzimática em pintos de corte

Efeito de diferentes relações treonina: lisina digestíveis, suplementadas ou não com glicina, sobre a atividade enzimática em pintos de corte

Behavioural, Endocrine, and Metabolic Effects of Food Restriction in Broiler Breeder Hens

Effects of Fortifying Low Crude Protein Diet with Crystalline Amino Acids on Performance, Blood Ammonia Level, and Excreta Characteristics of Broiler Chicks

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