2011
DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a004556
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Protein Kinase C: The "Masters" of Calcium and Lipid

Abstract: The coordinated and physiological behavior of living cells in an organism critically depends on their ability to interact with surrounding cells and with the extracellular space. For this, cells have to interpret incoming stimuli, correctly process the signals, and produce meaningful responses. A major part of such signaling mechanisms is the translation of incoming stimuli into intracellularly understandable signals, usually represented by second messengers or second-messenger systems. Two key second messenge… Show more

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Cited by 83 publications
(78 citation statements)
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References 95 publications
(106 reference statements)
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“…The karyotype of that case, 48,XY,+der(11)ins(11;?3)(q13;p13p21),+20, also indicated complex genetic rearrangements involving chromosome bands 3p21 and 11q13 [18]. Regardless, the Members of the PKC family phosphorylate a wide variety of protein targets, are involved in diverse cellular signaling pathways, and serve as major receptors for phorbol esters, a class of tumor promoters [35]. PRKCD was shown to be involved in B cell signaling and in the regulation of growth, apoptosis, and differentiation of a variety of cell types [36][37][38].…”
Section: Molecular Genetic Confirmation Of Fusionsmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…The karyotype of that case, 48,XY,+der(11)ins(11;?3)(q13;p13p21),+20, also indicated complex genetic rearrangements involving chromosome bands 3p21 and 11q13 [18]. Regardless, the Members of the PKC family phosphorylate a wide variety of protein targets, are involved in diverse cellular signaling pathways, and serve as major receptors for phorbol esters, a class of tumor promoters [35]. PRKCD was shown to be involved in B cell signaling and in the regulation of growth, apoptosis, and differentiation of a variety of cell types [36][37][38].…”
Section: Molecular Genetic Confirmation Of Fusionsmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…The calcium/CaM-stimulated adenylyl cyclase isoform AC1 (Wang and Storm 2003), the calcium/CaM-activated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase PDE1 (Sharma et al 2006), the calcium/CaM-regulated neuronal nitric oxide synthase isoform (nNOS) (Salerno et al 2013), members of a family of calcium-sensitive guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) called RasGRF1 and RasGRF2 (Feig 2011), calcium-sensitive PKC isoforms (Lipp and Reither 2011), and the calcium-dependent protease calpain (Croall and DeMartino 1991) are all present at low and varying levels in spines and can modulate the sensitivity of a synapse to induction of synaptic plasticity or the magnitude and duration of plastic changes. These modulatory mechanisms are outside our scope here, however.…”
Section: Modulatory Calcium-sensitive Enzymesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Activity of PKCs is evoked by signaling lipids and/or Ca 2ϩ (3)(4)(5), while PKA is activated by cAMP (6). Nevertheless, a putative cross talk between these two pathways, especially a response of PKCs to changes in the concentration of cAMP, could not be established within 3 decades of intensive studies (7).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The family of PKC kinases comprises 10 isoforms: Ca 2ϩ -sensitive or conventional and phorbol ester-responsive PKCs (cPKCs) ␣, ␤I, ␤II, and ␥; Ca 2ϩ -insensitive but DAG-and phorbol ester-responsive novel PKCs (nPKCs) ε, ␦, , and ; and atypical PKC isoforms (aPKCs) and , which are regulated by different lipid derivatives and are not responsive to Ca 2ϩ or phorbol esters (4,5,8,9).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%