Protein malnutrition impairs the immune control of Trichinella spiralis infection

Vila, Cecilia C.; Saracino, María P.; Falduto, Guido H.; Calcagno, Marcela A.; Venturiello, Stella M.; Pallaro, Anabel; Baldi, Pablo C.

doi:10.1016/j.nut.2018.10.024

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…There is some evidence that undernutrition also increases the risk of helminth infections (88), but no studies have investigated the impact of childhood undernutrition on the anti-helminth responses of granulocytes. In rats, PEM impaired systemic and mucosal immune responses to Trichinella spiralis , including reduced circulating eosinophils (89). However, vitamin D deficiency increased spontaneous activation of eosinophils in the lamina propria (90).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Animal models suggest that mast cell accumulation may be deregulated by macro- and micronutrient deficiencies in ways that reduce anti-helminth responses and increase inflammatory disease. In PEM rats infected with T. spiralis , the impaired systemic and mucosal immune response to infection was also associated with fewer mast cells in airway and intestinal mucosae (89). During magnesium deficiency, which exacerbates liver fibrosis in a rat model, depletion of mast cell numbers in the ileum, kidney, and bone marrow occurred alongside increased mast cell accumulation and functional gene expression (α- and β-chain high-affinity IgE receptors, mast cell protease 1 and 2) in the liver (92).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Understanding of Innate Immune Cell Dysfunction in Childhood Undernutrition

2019

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Undernutrition affects millions of children in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) and underlies almost half of all deaths among children under 5 years old. The growth deficits that characterize childhood undernutrition (stunting and wasting) result from simultaneous underlying defects in multiple physiological processes, and current treatment regimens do not completely normalize these pathways. Most deaths among undernourished children are due to infections, indicating that their anti-pathogen immune responses are impaired. Defects in the body's first-line-of-defense against pathogens, the innate immune system, is a plausible yet understudied pathway that could contribute to this increased infection risk. In this review, we discuss the evidence for innate immune cell dysfunction from cohort studies of childhood undernutrition in LMIC, highlighting knowledge gaps in almost all innate immune cell types. We supplement these gaps with insights from relevant experimental models and make recommendations for how human and animal studies could be improved. A better understanding of innate immune function could inform future tractable immune-targeted interventions for childhood undernutrition to reduce mortality and improve long-term health, growth and development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Understanding of Innate Immune Cell Dysfunction in Childhood Undernutrition

2019

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“…One of the other risk factors for PWUD and People Who Inject Drugs (PWID) is their weaker immune system due to a range of factors. These factors include long-term/high-dose administration of opioid drugs ( Liang, Liu, Chen, Ji, & Li, 2016 ; Sacerdote, Franchi, Gerra, Leccese, Panerai, & Somaini, 2008 ), malnutrition ( Haber, Demirkol, Lange, & Murnion, 2009 ; Vila et al, 2019 ), homelessness ( Haber et al, 2009 ), and long-term alcohol and methamphetamine use ( Nelson, Zhang, Bagby, Happel, & Raasch, 2008 ; Radfar & Rawson, 2014 ; Roy et al, 2011 ). Despite lacking evidence for introducing HIV as a risk factor for COVID-19 ( British HIV Association, 2020 ), there are some concerns regarding the access to treatment services for People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and their adherence to antiretroviral therapy ( Dadkha, Mohammadi, & Mozafari, 2008 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and Substance Use Disorders as Brain Diseases: Recommendations to a Comprehensive Healthcare Response. An International Society of Addiction Medicine (ISAM) Practice and Policy Interest Group Position Paper

Farhoudian

Baldacchino

Clark

et al. 2020

Basic Clin. Neurosci. J.

100

122

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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is escalating all over the world and has higher morbidities and mortalities in certain vulnerable populations. People Who Use Drugs (PWUD) are a marginalized and stigmatized group with weaker immunity responses, vulnerability to stress, poor health conditions, high-risk behaviors, and lower access to health care services. These conditions put them at a higher risk of COVID-19 infection and its complications. In this paper, an international group of experts on addiction medicine, infectious diseases, and disaster psychiatry explore the possible raised concerns in this issue and provide recommendations to manage the comorbidity of COVID-19 and Substance Use Disorder (SUD).

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“…The association between undernutrition and gastrointestinal nematode infection has been recognized for many decades: both are chronic diseases that often co‐exist in individuals from developing countries 2 . Several studies have shown that when both conditions exist in the same individual, there is a higher parasite burden as the result of an impaired immune response 3‐6 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effector immunological response against T spiralis is focused on the adult worm (AW) at the gut mucosa and the newborn larvae (NBL) at the systemic and lung levels. We have recently shown in a rat model of T spiralis infection that animals receiving a protein‐deficient diet (PD) have diminished cellular and humoural immune responses against AW with longer persistence of this stage in the intestine, accompanied by a higher fecundity index of female AW 6 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein deficiency during Trichinella spiralis infection impairs lung immunity against newborn larvae

Vila

Saracino

Lombardo

et al. 2021

Parasite Immunology

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The goal of this study was to analyse the effects of a protein‐deficient (PD) diet on antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in vitro against newborn larvae (NBL) of Trichinella spiralis in the lungs of infected rats. Two groups of weaning Wistar rats received a PD diet (6.5% casein) and other two received a control diet (C, 20% casein). After ten days, one group of each diet was infected (PDI and CI) with muscle larvae. Lung tissue extracts (LTE) and lung cell suspension (LCS) were obtained. PDI had lower titres of anti‐NBL antibodies in LTE than CI. In ADCC assays using control cells, NBL mortality percentage was lower with LTE from PDI than LTE from CI (P < .01). In assays using control cytotoxic sera, ADCC was exerted by LCS from CI at all days post‐infection (p.i.), but only by LCS from 13 days p.i. from PDI. ADCC assays combining LTE and LCS from the same group showed a lower response for PDI than for CI (P < .0001). LCS from PDI contained lower numbers of neutrophils, eosinophils and FcεRI+ cells than CI. PD may diminish ADCC activity against T spiralis NBL in lungs through alterations in specific antibodies and effector cells.

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Protein malnutrition impairs the immune control of Trichinella spiralis infection

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

Current Understanding of Innate Immune Cell Dysfunction in Childhood Undernutrition

Current Understanding of Innate Immune Cell Dysfunction in Childhood Undernutrition

COVID-19 and Substance Use Disorders as Brain Diseases: Recommendations to a Comprehensive Healthcare Response. An International Society of Addiction Medicine (ISAM) Practice and Policy Interest Group Position Paper

Protein deficiency during Trichinella spiralis infection impairs lung immunity against newborn larvae

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