Protein Markers of Malignant Potential in Penile and Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus

Carlson, Bayard C.; Hofer, Matthias; Ballek, Nathaniel; Yang, Ximing J.; Meeks, Joshua J.; Gonzalez, Chris M.

doi:10.1016/j.juro.2013.01.102

Cited by 35 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Non‐neoplastic epithelial disorders of the vulva are a group of chronic diseases occurring in females, manifesting as degeneration of the vulval skin and mucosa and pigment changes, and characterised by severe itch and burning pain in vulva, depigmentation or whitening of lesion skin and mucosa, and changes in the skin such as rough, chapped and broken skin. Up until now, patients with atrophy of the vulva, vaginal introitus stenosis and dyspareunia have had a poor sexual life and life quality . The underlying mechanism for the pathogenesis of NNEDV has been thought to be related to immunity, infection, hormone or genetic factors, but the cause remains to be identified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VLS not only affects quality of life, but is also associated with an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the vulva. The increased risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma is approximately 5% in patients with lichen sclerosus . However, the aetiology of NNEDV remains unknown, and such diseases are considered common but refractory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short‐ and long‐term efficacy of focused ultrasound therapy for non‐neoplastic epithelial disorders of the vulva

Zou

Xiong

et al. 2017

BJOG

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Objective To investigate the short-and long-term efficacy and influential factors of focused ultrasound for the treatment of nonneoplastic epithelial disorders of the vulva (NNEDV).Design A retrospective observational study.Setting A gynaecologic department in a single centre in China.Population Patients with NNEDV were included in this study: 85 patients were diagnosed with lichen simplex chronicus (LSC), 44 patients with vulva lichen sclerosus (VLS), and seven patients with lichen planus (LP).Methods A total of 136 eligible patients with NNEDV were treated with focused ultrasound. After the treatment, based on changes in the degree of symptom severity and local skin signs (lesion size, skin colour and elasticity) before and after treatment, the treatment effectiveness for each patient was assessed. We further analysed the relations among pathologic type, age, course and curative rate. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chisquare (McNemar) test.Main outcome measures Improvement in the symptoms and physical signs and the predictive factors.Results Symptom relief was observed in all patients. The appearance and colour of the vulva returned to normal after the ultrasound treatment. Complete remission (CR) occurred in 68 of 136 (50%) patients (41 patients with LSC and 12 patients with VLS). The response rate was 93.38% (127/136). Seven patients who had a poor response to the first session of treatment were treated again with ultrasound therapy and a good response was observed. No severe complications were observed. There was no significant difference in treatment results among the different pathological types (P > 0.05). However, the course of the disease and the age of the patients were related to the treatment results (P < 0.05).Conclusions NNEDV can be treated with focused ultrasound effectively and safely. The course of the disease and the age of the patients may be predictive factors.Keywords Focused ultrasound, non-neoplastic epithelial disorders of the vulva efficacy, related factors.Tweetable abstract Patients with non-neoplastic epithelial disorders of the vulva can be safely and effectively treated with focused ultrasound. No significant difference in treatment results was observed between the different types of non-neoplastic epithelial disorders of the vulva.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short‐ and long‐term efficacy of focused ultrasound therapy for non‐neoplastic epithelial disorders of the vulva

Zou

Xiong

et al. 2017

BJOG

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“…55 The authors also suggested the involvement of gH2AX in different biological mechanisms as an early event leading to resistance to apoptosis in vulvar carcinogenesis. 56 Carlson et al 57 indicate that gH2AX is overexpressed in lichen sclerosus of the vulva/ penis and squamous cell carcinoma. Brunner et al 58 investigated the role of gH2AX in endometrial tumorigenesis.…”

Section: Gh2ax Studies: Biosamplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

gamma-H2AX: Can it be established as a classical cancer prognostic factor?

Palla¹,

Karaolanis

Katafigiotis

et al. 2017

Tumour Biol.

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Double-strand breaks are among the first procedures taking place in cancer formation and progression as a result of endogenic and exogenic factors. The histone variant H2AX undergoes phosphorylation at serine 139 due to doublestrand breaks, and the gamma-H2AX is formatted as a result of genomic instability. The detection of gamma-H2AX can potentially serve as a biomarker for transformation of normal tissue to premalignant and consequently to malignant tissues. gamma-H2AX has already been investigated in a variety of cancer types, including breast, lung, colon, cervix, and ovary cancers. The prognostic value of gamma-H2AX is indicated in certain cancer types, such as breast or endometrial cancer, but further investigation is needed to establish gamma-H2AX as a prognostic marker. This review outlines the role of gamma-H2AX in cell cycle, and its formation as a result of DNA damage. We investigate the role of gamma-H2AX formation in several cancer types and its correlation with other prognostic factors, and we try to find out whether it fulfills the requirements for its establishment as a classical cancer prognostic factor.

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“…Recently, several markers—including p53, Ki67 and γH2AX among others—have been used to this effect in HPV related tumorigenesis [3]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

γH2Ax Expression as a Potential Biomarker Differentiating between Low and High Grade Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (SIL) and High Risk HPV Related SIL

et al. 2017

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BackgroundγH2AX is a protein biomarker for double-stranded DNA breakage; its expression was studied in cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions and carcinomas.MethodsImmunostaining for phospho-γH2AX was performed in sections from histologically confirmed cervical SIL and carcinomas, as well as from normal cervices used as controls. In total, 275 cases were included in the study: 112 low grade SIL (LGSIL), 99 high grade SIL (HGSIL), 24 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 12 adenocarcinoma and 28 cervical specimens with no essential lesions. Correlation of histological grading, high risk vs. low risk HPV virus presence, activated vs. non-activated status (by high risk HPV mRNA expression) and γH2AX expression in both basal and surface segments of the squamous epithelium was performed.ResultsGradual increase of both basal and surface γH2AX expression was noted up from normal cervices to LGSIL harboring a low risk HPV type, to LGSIL harboring a high risk virus at a non-activated state (p<0.05). Thereafter, both basal and surface γH2AX expression dropped in LGSIL harboring a high risk virus at an activated state and in HGSIL.ConclusionsγH2AX could serve as a potential biomarker discriminating between LGSIL and HGSIL, as well as between LGSIL harboring high risk HPV at an activated state.

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Protein Markers of Malignant Potential in Penile and Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus

Cited by 35 publications

References 45 publications

Short‐ and long‐term efficacy of focused ultrasound therapy for non‐neoplastic epithelial disorders of the vulva

Short‐ and long‐term efficacy of focused ultrasound therapy for non‐neoplastic epithelial disorders of the vulva

gamma-H2AX: Can it be established as a classical cancer prognostic factor?

γH2Ax Expression as a Potential Biomarker Differentiating between Low and High Grade Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (SIL) and High Risk HPV Related SIL

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