“…Several promising biological supramolecular assemblies, such as polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) particles Parlane et al, 2016b), virus-like particles (VLPs) (Schwarz et al, 2017;Wilkerson et al, 2018), enzyme-derived nanoparticles (EZPs) (Raeeszadeh-Sarmazdeh et al, 2016;Diaz et al, 2018;Schmid-Dannert and López-Gallego, 2019), membrane vesicles Sharma et al, 2018), and magnetosomes (Jacob and Suthindhiran, 2016;Yan et al, 2017) have been studied to immobilize a variety of functional proteins, including industrially relevant enzymes using recombinant fusion technology (Figure 1). Briefly, genetically amenable components of these scaffolds are translationally fused with proteins of interest, such as, e.g., enzymes, and are produced in a range of recombinant expression systems, like various prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.…”