Protein permeability in the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Loss of size selectivity of the alveolar epithelium.

Holter, John F.; Weiland, Jeffrey E.; Pacht, Eric R.; Gadek, James E.; Davis, Watson

doi:10.1172/jci112743

Cited by 220 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…BAL albumin and total protein are markers of pulmonary endothelial permeability in ARDS [146]. At the onset of ARDS, we have found BAL albumin and total protein levels to be similar in survivors and nonsurvivors.…”

Section: Pulmonary Vascular Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 48%

The role of the host defence response in the progression and outcome of ARDS: pathophysiological correlations and response to glucocorticoid treatment

Gu¹

1996

Eur Respir J

114

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T Th he e r ro ol le e o of f t th he e h ho os st t d de ef fe en nc ce e r re es sp po on ns se e i in n t th he e p pr ro og gr re es ss si io on n a an nd d o ou ut tc co om me e o of f A AR RD DS S: : p pa at th ho op ph hy ys si io ol lo og gi ic ca al l c co or rr re el la at ti io on ns s a an nd d r re es sp po on ns se e t to o g gl lu uc co oc co or rt ti ic co oi id d t tr re ea at tm me en nt t

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Section: Pulmonary Vascular Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 48%

The role of the host defence response in the progression and outcome of ARDS: pathophysiological correlations and response to glucocorticoid treatment

Gu¹

1996

Eur Respir J

114

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“…5,8,12) There were no statistically significant differences among the albumin levels in samples obtained from nonsmokers, smokers, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis patients. However, the albumin levels showed a tendency to increase in patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis, in agreement with the observations reported previously by Reynolds et al 2) These results suggest that alveolar-capillary injury is elevated in hypersensitivity pneumonitis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] In bronchoalveolar lavage, sterile saline is administered into the bronchoalveolar space and aspirated by syringe. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorimetric Determination of Trace Amounts of Albumin in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid with Eriochrome Cyanine R

Sato

Saito

Chikuma

et al. 2007

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Bronchoalveolar lavage has been widely used to recover cells, proteins, and small molecules from the alveolar space of the lower respiratory tract since the first report of Reynolds and Newball over three decades ago.1) The analysis of these components is of wide diagnostic and investigative value. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] In bronchoalveolar lavage, sterile saline is administered into the bronchoalveolar space and aspirated by syringe. 1)Because recovery of the components in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) varies from sample to sample, their concentrations are usually normalized relative to those of albumin. [1][2][3][4][5][6]8) Furthermore, the absolute concentration of albumin itself in BALF may allow characterization of interstitial lung disorders.9,10) Therefore a sensitive and simple method for determining trace amounts of albumin in BALF is desirable.Dye-binding methods are widely used for the determination of proteins, 13) and spectrophotometric methods using bromocresol green are most commonly used in clinical assays of human serum albumin (HSA).14-17) However, the specificity for HSA in the bromocresol green method is not very high. The bromocresol purple method is also used in clinical measurement of HSA, and is more selective for HSA than the bromocresol green method. 18,19) However, the bromocresol purple method is not applicable to BALF samples of low albumin concentration.Saito et al. 20,21) reported a highly sensitive fluorimetric method using chromazurol S (CAS) for the determination of trace albumin, and pointed out that several reagents analogous to CAS including eriochrome cyanine R (ECR) are promising.22) Subsequently, Ci and Chen 23) reported a fluorimetric method for the determination of HSA using ECR. They used 308 nm as the excitation wavelength. However, Saito's group reported that the HSA-ECR complex showed visible excitation and emission spectra and low reagent blank at pH <4.0. Ultraviolet radiation may give rise to fluorescence of other components. Therefore in the present study we investigated the fluorimetric determination method of human albumin using ECR and visible range as excitation wavelength. This technique was applied to determine trace amounts of human albumin in BALF samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS ReagentsThe chemicals used in the present study were obtained from the sources indicated as follows: Eriochrome cyanine R (ECR), Merck AG (Darmstadt, Germany); human serum albumin (HSA), fraction V grade, and goat anti-HSA antiserum, Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, U.S.A.); 3,3Ј,5,5Ј-tetramethylbenzidine, Nacalai Tesque Inc. (Kyoto, Japan). All solutions were prepared using water purified with a Milli-Q water system (Millipore Corp., Bedford, U.S.A.). Polystyrene balls were obtained from Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Bronchoalveolar Lavage Informed consent was obtained from all patients. Fifty milliliters of warm saline was infused through the work channel of a bronchoscope then withdrawn by gentle aspiration. The lavage was repeated 6 times, and a...

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“…18 IgM concentrations in BALF were determined by using an enzyme-linked immunoassay (Bethyl Laboratories; Inc., Montgomery, TX, USA).…”

Section: Lung Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical ventilation induces inflammation, lung injury, and extra-pulmonary organ dysfunction in experimental pneumonia

Dhanireddy

Altemeier

Matute-Bello

et al. 2006

Laboratory Investigation

122

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Mechanical ventilation (MV) is frequently employed for the management of critically ill patients with respiratory failure. A major complication of mechanical ventilation (MV) is the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), in which Staphylococcus aureus is a prominent pathogen. Moreover, previous studies suggest that MV may be an important cofactor in the development of acute lung injury (ALI) and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). S. aureus pulmonary infection was induced in spontaneously breathing mice (C57Bl/6) or mechanically ventilated mice to determine whether MV contributes to the development of ALI and/or systemic inflammation. The combination of MV and bacteria significantly increased the influx of neutrophils into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), augmented pulmonary production of the proinflammatory cytokines KC, MIP-2, TNF-a, and IL-6, and increased alveolar-capillary permeability to proteins. MV also induced proinflammatory cytokine expression in peripheral blood, associated with extrapulmonary hepatic and renal dysfunction. Surprisingly, bacterial clearance in the lungs and extrapulmonary bacterial dissemination was not affected by MV. These data indicate that MV exacerbates both pulmonary and systemic inflammation in response to bacteria and contributes to the pathogenesis of both ALI and the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, without necessarily affecting bacterial clearance or extra-pulmonary bacterial dissemination.

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Protein permeability in the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Loss of size selectivity of the alveolar epithelium.

Cited by 220 publications

References 38 publications

The role of the host defence response in the progression and outcome of ARDS: pathophysiological correlations and response to glucocorticoid treatment

The role of the host defence response in the progression and outcome of ARDS: pathophysiological correlations and response to glucocorticoid treatment

Fluorimetric Determination of Trace Amounts of Albumin in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid with Eriochrome Cyanine R

Mechanical ventilation induces inflammation, lung injury, and extra-pulmonary organ dysfunction in experimental pneumonia

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