1993
DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.1993.265.2.g224
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Protein phosphatase inhibition and in vivo hepatotoxicity of microcystins

Abstract: Administration of microcystin (MCYST)-YM or -LR (peptide hepatotoxins produced by the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa) to mice resulted in the inhibition of liver protein phosphatase 1 and 2A activity. In all cases significant inhibition preceded or accompanied clinical changes due to MCYST intoxication. Fifteen minutes after intraperitoneal injection of lethal doses of MCYST-YM protein phosphatase activity was already decreased to 44% of controls, and by 60 min was further decreased to 22% of controls. … Show more

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Cited by 100 publications
(92 citation statements)
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“…1 They are potent and specific inhibitors of the serine threonine family of protein phosphatases (PP), especially PP1 and PP2A, 2 and are responsible for liver failure in wild animals, livestock, aquatic life, and humans. 3 Their presence in water bodies has the potential to cause both acute and chronic toxicity and thus has been a public health topic of increasing attention.…”
Section: ' Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…1 They are potent and specific inhibitors of the serine threonine family of protein phosphatases (PP), especially PP1 and PP2A, 2 and are responsible for liver failure in wild animals, livestock, aquatic life, and humans. 3 Their presence in water bodies has the potential to cause both acute and chronic toxicity and thus has been a public health topic of increasing attention.…”
Section: ' Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The most frequently reported cyanobacterial toxins are hepatotoxic heptapeptides known as microcystins (MCs), which are isolated from several species of the freshwater cyanobacteria including Microcystis, Planktothrix (Oscillatoria), Anabaena and Nostoc [7,8]. MCs are reportedly potent and specific inhibitors of the serine threonine family of protein phosphatases (PP), especially PP1A and PP2A [9][10][11]. The toxicity of MCs (LD 50 ) in mice is about 50 g kg −1 [3].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…After ingestion, MC-LR is readily taken up by bile acid carrier proteins and transported to liver (Eriksson et al, 1990;Runnegar et al, 1995). Microcystin functions as a protein phosphatase (PP1/PP2A) inhibitor (Rudolph-Bohner et al, 1994;Runnegar et al, 1993;Runnegar et al, 1999), and its presence in liver results in hyperphosphorylation of many kinds of functional proteins. The hyperphosphorylation causes cytoskeletal deformation in hepatocytes, collapse of liver architecture, profuse hemorrhage into hepatic parenchyma, and necrosis (Carmichael, 1992;Falconer and Yeung, 1992).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The toxicology of MC-LR in mice and rats has been well studied (Trogen et al, 1996;Robinson et al, 1989;Rudolph-Bohner et al, 1994;Runnegar et al, 1993;Runnegar et al, 1999), but little is known about its developmental toxicity in aquatic animals. Observed effects on ®sh are somewhat inconsistent, and there is little information about the effects on ®sh eggs (Oberemn et al, 1997).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%