Protein Phosphorylation and Phosphoproteome: An Overview of Rice

Ajadi, Abolore Adijat; Cisse, Amara; Ahmad, Shakeel; Wang, Yifeng; Shu, Yazhou; Li, Shufan; Liu, Xixi; Bello, Babatunde Kazeem; Tajo, Sani Muhammad; Tong, Xiaohong; Zhang, Jian

doi:10.1016/j.rsci.2020.04.003

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…A wide range of proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes are regulated by reversible phosphorylation [ 219 , 220 ], including proteins at the molecular interface of host–microbe interactions. Phosphorylation is particularly important for immune signaling following PAMP perception, including auto- and transphosphorylation events within RLK–RLCK complexes prior to the activation of downstream kinase signaling cascades [ 4 , 221 ].…”

Section: T3ses That Alter Host Protein Phosphorylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

What the Wild Things Do: Mechanisms of Plant Host Manipulation by Bacterial Type III-Secreted Effector Proteins

2021

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Phytopathogenic bacteria possess an arsenal of effector proteins that enable them to subvert host recognition and manipulate the host to promote pathogen fitness. The type III secretion system (T3SS) delivers type III-secreted effector proteins (T3SEs) from bacterial pathogens such as Pseudomonas syringae, Ralstonia solanacearum, and various Xanthomonas species. These T3SEs interact with and modify a range of intracellular host targets to alter their activity and thereby attenuate host immune signaling. Pathogens have evolved T3SEs with diverse biochemical activities, which can be difficult to predict in the absence of structural data. Interestingly, several T3SEs are activated following injection into the host cell. Here, we review T3SEs with documented enzymatic activities, as well as T3SEs that facilitate virulence-promoting processes either indirectly or through non-enzymatic mechanisms. We discuss the mechanisms by which T3SEs are activated in the cell, as well as how T3SEs modify host targets to promote virulence or trigger immunity. These mechanisms may suggest common enzymatic activities and convergent targets that could be manipulated to protect crop plants from infection.

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Section: T3ses That Alter Host Protein Phosphorylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

What the Wild Things Do: Mechanisms of Plant Host Manipulation by Bacterial Type III-Secreted Effector Proteins

2021

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“…Protein phosphorylation has arisen as one of the main PTMs. It plays a key role in DNA replication, cell signaling and differentiation, gene expression, and enzyme activity increases or decreases; it also changes other biological effects, controlling cell proliferation and enlargement, phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling, plant disease resistance, grain-filling, and development of rice seed quality [ 128 ].…”

Section: Posttranslational Modification (Ptm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Posttranslational Modification of Waxy to Genetically Improve Starch Quality in Rice Grain

Adegoke

Wang

Chen

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The waxy (Wx) gene, encoding the granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS), is responsible for amylose biosynthesis and plays a crucial role in defining eating and cooking quality. The waxy locus controls both the non-waxy and waxy rice phenotypes. Rice starch can be altered into various forms by either reducing or increasing the amylose content, depending on consumer preference and region. Low-amylose rice is preferred by consumers because of its softness and sticky appearance. A better way of improving crops other than downregulation and overexpression of a gene or genes may be achieved through the posttranslational modification of sites or regulatory enzymes that regulate them because of their significance. The impact of posttranslational GBSSI modifications on extra-long unit chains (ELCs) remains largely unknown. Numerous studies have been reported on different crops, such as wheat, maize, and barley, but the rice starch granule proteome remains largely unknown. There is a need to improve the yield of low-amylose rice by employing posttranslational modification of Wx, since the market demand is increasing every day in order to meet the market demand for low-amylose rice in the regional area that prefers low-amylose rice, particularly in China. In this review, we have conducted an in-depth review of waxy rice, starch properties, starch biosynthesis, and posttranslational modification of waxy protein to genetically improve starch quality in rice grains.

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“…Recent researches have suggested that reversible protein phosphorylation plays an important role in the regulation of starch metabolism. More study is needed to investigate the in vivo relevance of this mechanism [ 38 ]. With regard to this point of view, the possible interactions between redox regulation and protein phosphorylation are also interesting methods to follow [ 39 ].…”

Section: Highlight Of Special Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Analysis of Starch Metabolism in Plants

Cho

Kang

2020

Plants

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In plants, starch is synthesized in leaves during the day-time from fixed carbon through photosynthesis and is mobilized at night to support continued respiration, sucrose export, and growth in the dark. The main crops where starch is biosynthesized and stored are corn, rice, wheat, and potatoes, and they are mainly used as food resources for humankind. There are many genes that are involved in starch biosynthesis from cytosol to storage organs in plants. ADP-glucose, UDP- glucose, and glucose-6-phosphate are synthesized catalyzed by UDP-invertase, AGPase, hexokinase, and P- hexose-isomerase in cytosol. Starch composed of amylopectin and amylose is synthesized by starch synthase, granule bound starch synthase, starch-branching enzyme, debranching enzyme, and pullulanase, which is primarily responsible for starch production in storage organs. Recently, it has been uncovered that structural genes are controlled by proteins derived from other genes such as transcription factors. To obtain more precise information on starch metabolism, the functions of genes and transcription factors need to be studied to understand their roles and functions in starch biosynthesis in plants. However, the roles of genes related to starch biosynthesis are not yet clearly understood. The papers of this special issue contain reviews and research articles on these topics and will be a useful resource for researchers involved in the quality improvement of starch storage crops.

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Protein Phosphorylation and Phosphoproteome: An Overview of Rice

Cited by 19 publications

References 113 publications

What the Wild Things Do: Mechanisms of Plant Host Manipulation by Bacterial Type III-Secreted Effector Proteins

What the Wild Things Do: Mechanisms of Plant Host Manipulation by Bacterial Type III-Secreted Effector Proteins

Posttranslational Modification of Waxy to Genetically Improve Starch Quality in Rice Grain

Functional Analysis of Starch Metabolism in Plants

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