Protein profile of seminal plasma and functionality of spermatozoa during the reproductive season in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to analyze seminal plasma composition, sperm production, and sperm motility over the course of the spawning season in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The highest mean percent of motile sperm (carp, 98.3 ± 1.6%; rainbow trout, 92.8 ± 5.6%) and highest spermatozoon velocity (carp, 286.3 ± 7.8 μm sec ; rainbow trout, 245.3 ± 8.3 μm sec ) were observed in the middle phase of the spawning period, at 5 sec post-activation. Sperm volume and concentration increased in the early spawning period, then decreased significantly toward the end of the season in both species. Seminal plasma osmolality was 262-270 mOsmol kg from carp and 232-248 mOsmol kg from rainbow trout, with little variation over the spawning period. Protein concentration in carp seminal plasma was stable throughout the reproductive season, whereas the highest protein level (2.1 ± 0.3 mg mL ) in rainbow trout was observed in the middle phase of the spawning period. Seminal plasma composition in both species was analyzed using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry. Thirteen differentially expressed protein spots in carp seminal plasma and sixteen spots in rainbow trout seminal plasma varied over the course of the reproductive season. The unique proteins identified are involved in the regulation of spermatogenesis, sperm motility, maintenance of sperm membrane lipid stability, and antioxidant protection. These results provide a deeper understanding of the role of fish seminal plasma proteins as well as a list of novel markers of sperm quality. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 968-982, 2016 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme defence system in seminal plasma of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during spawning season

“…We suggest that the increased metabolic rates during the late phase of spawning could possibly increase the rate of ROS formation, leading to oxidative stress. The increase of ROS attack results in a decreased spermatozoon motility, in agreement with our previous work (Shaliutina-Kolesova et al 2016). These results suggest the need for a higher antioxidant protection late in the spawning season, when lower spermatozoon motility and viability were observed.…”

“…In rainbow trout, the maximum level of TBARS in SP (0.95 ± 0.05 nmol/mg protein) was recorded in late season and the minimum was detected in early season (0.35 ± 0.08 nmol/mg protein) (Figure 1). The high production of TBARS in both species during late spawning may be associated with decreasing spermatozoon motility, as suggested by our previous results (Shaliutina-Kolesova et al 2016). A significant correlation between the lipid peroxidation and the reduced motility has also been reported in mammalian (Yeni et al 2010), including human (Aitken 1999) spermatozoa.…”

“…Carbonyl groups may be introduced into proteins by primary reactions in which proteins are oxidized by reactive species generated by the oxidation of other molecules. Our previous work by Shaliutina-Kolesova et al (2016) demonstrated that total protein level varied from 1.85 ± 0.45 to 2.38 ± 0.21 mg/ml in carp, while in rainbow trout the maximum protein level in SP (2.14 ± 0.28 mg/ml) was recorded in mid-phase and the minimum was The level of CP in rainbow trout sperm also altered with time in the spawning season, with significantly higher CP (16.04 ± 1.45 nmol/mg protein) recorded in late season spawning than in the early phase. In mid phase the CP level was 13.77 ± 1.37 nmol/mg protein and no statistical differences compared to late phase were observed.…”

“…Studies have shown that spermatozoon motility parameters change during the spawning season in common carp Cyprinus carpio, tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus (Kruger et al 1984), rainbow trout Onchorhynchus mykiss (Munkittrick and Moccia 1987), and common barbel Barbus barbus (Alavi et al 2008). A significant variation in the protein composition of SP over the course of the spawning season has also been reported (Shaliutina-Kolesova et al 2016). Seasonal changes in the SP protein content are likely due to the alterations in the protective effects of SP against cold-shock, possibly related to antioxidant enzyme activity (Marti et al 2007).…”

Seminal plasma features of Prochilodus lineatus and Brycon orbignyanus throughout two consecutives spawning seasons

“…Sperm concentration is a feature highly variable among species, depends on fish size and season (Nahiduzzaman et al, ), and may be related to different patterns of spermatogenesis (continuous or cyclical) as well as to gonad development and maturation, which are regulated by climate, day length and food supply (Shaliutina‐Kolesova et al, ). The current study is the first to analyze sperm concentration throughout the entire SS in both species.…”