Protein Protected Fat for Ruminants 1. Digestion and Performance in Fattening Steers

Cuitun, L. L.; Hale, W. H.; Theurer, Brent; Dryden, F. D.; Marchello, J. A.

doi:10.2527/jas1975.404691x

Cited by 15 publications

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“…Reduced intakes of food in response to dietary supplement of free and protected lipids have been observed previously (Faichney et al 1972;Faichney, Scott & Cook, 1973;Wrenn et al 1973;Bailey & 0rskov, 1974;Dinius et al 1974Dinius et al , 1976 whereas intakes of energy have been more variable (Faichney et al 1972;Mattos & Palmquist, 1974;Cuitin et al 1975;Goering et al 1976;Hogan & Hogan, 1976;Seoane, Gorrill & Nicholson, 1976). However, the use of mainly non-lactating animals, different basal diets and different lipid supplements makes meaningful comparison of those findings with the present experiment difficult.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

The effect of protected lipids on nutrient intakes, blood and rumen metabolites and milk secretion in dairy cows during early lactation

Bines¹,

Brumby²,

Storry³

et al. 1978

J. Agric. Sci.

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Supplements of protected soya-bean-tallow were incorporated at 0, 1-7, 3-0 or 5-0 kg/day into a hay-concentrate diet and fed ad libitum to Friesian cows during the first 13 weeks of lactation.Intakes of supplement during weeks 1-6 were 0,1 • 34, 2-25 and 3-18 kg/day and during weeks 7-13, 0, 1-64, 3-10 and 4-24 kg/day on each of the respective treatments.As the lipid supplement increased there was a reduced intake of hay and concentrates, giving rise to reduced intakes of total, protein, and particularly 'carbohydrate' (non-protein, non-fatty-acid) energy. Apparent digestibilities, particularly of fibre, decreased as fatty-acid intake increased. After correcting for endogenous losses, true digestibilities of organic matter, carbohydrate, protein, non-fatty-acid lipid, total energy, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus were unaffected by the amount of supplement given, whereas fibre digestibility was reduced by increasing the supplement. Fatty acid digestibility was little affected up to an intake of 1-4 kg/day but above this there was a sharp reduction.Yields of milk, milk energy, protein, fat and lactose were increased at low lipid supplementation but reduced at the highest supplementation when amounts of protein and carbohydrate digested were lowest.Lipid supplementation reduced concentrations of rumen total volatile fatty acids in association with reduced, proportions of butyrate and. increased proportions of propionate. Plasma ^-hydroxybutyrate and magnesium were reduced and plasma free fatty acids increased in cows given lipid supplemented diets. There were no differences between treatments in plasma glucose, lactate or calcium nor in live-weight changes.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

The effect of protected lipids on nutrient intakes, blood and rumen metabolites and milk secretion in dairy cows during early lactation

Bines¹,

Brumby²,

Storry³

et al. 1978

J. Agric. Sci.

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“…A recent development (Scott et aL, 1970) has made possible the production of oil supplements in which the constituent polyunsaturated fatty acids are protected from rumen hydrogenation. The effect of feeding this type of supplement to steers has been evaluated in terms of performance Cuitun et al, 1975), energy utilization (Garrett et al, 1976) and serum lipid profiles ; however, the qualitative and quantitative relationships of the serum lipid and carcass depot fat of the ovine animal under this type of supplementation have not been determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein Protected Fat for Ruminants. IV. Plasma Lipid, Insulin and Depot Fat Composition of Lambs

Mata-Hernandez

Dryden

Marchello

et al. 1978

Journal of Animal Science

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Fourteen crossbred lambs with an average weight of 29.4 kg were utilized to determine the influence of the nature and amount of dietary lipid intake on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the plasma lipid, carcass depot fats and plasma insulin levels. Formaldehyde treated casein-cottonseed oil (PCO) was supplemented at the rate of 8% (three lambs) and 12% (three lambs). Two groups of four lamb each were assigned to diets containing no added fat (control) and 8% unprotected cottonseed oil (8% CO).Dietary lipid supplementation was effective in elevating (P<.05) the lipid levels of the blood. No difference (P>.05) in plasma insulin levels were detected between the four diets. Oil supplementation increased (P<.05) the concentration of linoleic acid in the four plasma lipid fractions: cholesterol esters, phospholipids, free fatty acids and triglycerides. Although not always statistically significant, the content of total unsaturates tended to increase (P<.05) in all plasma fractions.Subcutaneous fat biopsies obtained from the tailhead region at 0, 14, 42 and 84 days on feed revealed that the type of dietary fat fed was effective in altering the type of fatty acids deposited subcutaneously. Feeding cottonseed oil protected from rumen fermentation elevated the linoleic acid levels of subcutaneous fat, but the total unsaturated fatty acid levels were not different between diets. (

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“…Ueda et al, (2003) explained this contradiction by suggesting that an inadvertently higher supply of rumen degradable protein from soybean meal introduced into the LSO supplemented forage rich diet might have enhanced ruminal microbial activity, and resulted in increased ruminal fiber digestibility. Assuming the latter to be true the benefit of distributing this soybean meal protein over three meals along with the LSO supplement is supported by the suggestion that feeding proteins in conjunction with fat improves the efficiency utilization of proteins (Cuitun et al, 1975). Furthermore the increased ruminal digestibility observed with the forage rich diet when LSO was supplemented was associated with increases in total tract digestibility of OM, NDF, and ADF.…”

Section: Delayed Feeding Of Rumen Active Fatsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Alternatively, providing supplemental energy (F) or energy and protein (FP) may have had a greater positive impact on lamb growth because intake and digestion of both nutrients were synchronized (Cuitun et al, 1975). Lambs in the F treatment returned to grazing to acquire protein whereas FP lambs did not.…”

Section: Muscle Fatty Acid Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of delayed fat supplementation on post-prandial rumen metabolism, lamb quality and fatty acid composition of rumen effluent

Baptiste¹

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Effects of delayed fat supplementation on post-prandial rumen metabolism, lamb quality and fatty acid composition of rumen effluent Quinn S Baptiste Sheep farmers have an option to incorporate fat supplements into the ration of grazing ruminants. Farmers choosing this option will have to select a time for offering that supplement. It might be practical to feed the supplement in the morning or evening. However, the time at which that supplement is fed should not compromise nutrient digestion or the enhancement of ruminant product fatty acid composition. Consequently, the effects of feeding a fat enriched supplement, at a delayed time on rumen metabolism, lamb quality, and fatty acid composition of effluent digesta were investigated in three experiments. In experiment 1, treatment (time of supplementation) of a soybean oil and soybean meal supplement on diurnal rumen activity and total tract nutrient digestion of lambs fed orchard grass hay were investigated. Treatment did not affect differences in hay intake, urine production, urine NH 3-N, nitrogen retention, or nutrient digestibility. However, time of supplementation did affect ruminal digestion and kinetics. In experiment 2, the afternoon feeding effects of fat, protein, and fat enriched protein supplements on performance and tissue fatty acid composition of grazed lambs were evaluated. The type of fat supplement that was fed to lambs influenced grazing activity, forage intake, lamb growth and fatty acid profile of tissues. Lastly, in experiment 3, the impact of delayed supplementation with fat, protein or a fat enriched protein blend, on diurnal changes in fermentative digestion, forage digestibility and effluent digesta fatty acid composition in continuous culture fermenters were investigated. In this study, delayed fat supplementation did not alter post-prandial fermentation or compromise fermentative digestion and nutrient digestibility. Producers who wish to utilize low levels of supplemental soybean oil to high forage fed lambs may not be overly concerned about the time at which that supplement is fed. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I hereby formally thank my advisor Dr. Eugene Felton for providing the opportunity for me to pursue this degree program. His guidance and support was critical to my progress throughout the program. I will forever be thankful for his contributions toward my conceptualization of a philosophy of animal science research. The comments and assistance of my committee members, Drs.

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Protein Protected Fat for Ruminants 1. Digestion and Performance in Fattening Steers

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

The effect of protected lipids on nutrient intakes, blood and rumen metabolites and milk secretion in dairy cows during early lactation

The effect of protected lipids on nutrient intakes, blood and rumen metabolites and milk secretion in dairy cows during early lactation

Protein Protected Fat for Ruminants. IV. Plasma Lipid, Insulin and Depot Fat Composition of Lambs

Effects of delayed fat supplementation on post-prandial rumen metabolism, lamb quality and fatty acid composition of rumen effluent

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