Periprosthetic infection
is considered the main cause of implant
failure, which is expected to be solved by fabricating an antibacterial
coating on the surface of the implant. Nevertheless, systemic antibiotic
treatment still represents the mainstream method for preventing infection,
and few antibacterial coatings are applied clinically. This is because
the externally introduced traditional antibacterial coatings suffer
from the risk of invalidation and tissue toxicity induced by the consumption
of antibacterial agents, degradation, and shedding. In this work,
we proposed a rapid photo-sonotherapy by creating an oxygen deficiency
on a titanium (Ti) implant through sulfur (S)-doping (Ti–S–TiO2–x
), which endowed the implants with
great sonodynamic and photothermal ability. Without introducing an
external antibacterial coating, it reached a high antibacterial efficiency
of 99.995% against Staphylococcus aureus under 15
min near-infrared light and ultrasound treatments. Furthermore, bone
infection was successfully treated after combination treatments, and
improved osseointegration was observed. Importantly, the S-doped Ti
implant immersed in water for 6 months showed an unchanged structure
and properties, suggesting that the Ti implant with intrinsic modification
showed stable antibacterial performance under exogenous stimuli with
a high antibacterial performance in vivo. This photo-sonotherapy
based on sulfur doping is also promising for cancer therapy with biosafety.