Protein Solutions: Concentration by a Rapid Method

Blatt, William F.; Feinberg, Michael; Hopfenberg, H. B.; Saravis, Calvin A.

doi:10.1126/science.150.3693.224

Cited by 82 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…A second set of experiments similar to those of Blatt et al . (7) was carried out to test the properties of Diaflo membrane as a filter for ultrafiltration. For this study an ultrafiltration cell (Figure 4) was used in which a disc of membrane could be maintained under a given pressure gradient at constant tempertaure and mixing.…”

Section: Experimental Studies and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood purification by ultrafiltration and fluid replacement (diafiltration)

Henderson¹,

Besarab²,

Michaels

et al. 2004

Hemodialysis International

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Conventional extracorporeal dialysis relies on diffusion down concentration gradients for the removal of undesirable solutes from the blood. Removal of a solute by diffusion depends on its size; this gives rise to the familiar observation that small solutes such as urea are removed by dialysis more readily than larger solutes such as creatinine and uric acid. The work of Teschan et al.(1) on isolation of toxic substances from uremic blood suggests that these large molecular weight solutes contribute to uremic symptomatology. In addition, with diffusion, the rate of solute removal falls exponentially with time following a first order decay curve. As a result dialysis efficiency is low at low plasma solute concentrations. The limit approached by techniques to improve dialysis efficiency for a solute is the rate of free diffusion in water for the solute in question, and for large toxic solutes such as glutethimide and kanamycin, this maximum rate of removal may be too slow for clinical success.With these limitations for conventional dialysis in mind the present study was undertaken to evaluate a familiar process (2-5) heretofore unexploited as a means to remove toxic solutes, namely ultrafiltration. Such a process would have the advantage of removing solutes small enough to pass through the ultrafilter in proportion to their plasma concentration rather than their concentration gradient, as with diffusion. With the driving force being a pressure gradient rather than a concentration gradient there would not be a sharp a reduction in solute removal at low plasma concentrations as seen with diffusion. In addition the rate of solute removal would be proportional to the applied pressure gradient and this could be adjusted to meet the needs of the clinical situation. MATERIALSA new series of membranes composed of the precipitated polyelectrolytes sodium polystyrene sulfonate and polyvinylbenzyltriemnthyl ammonium chloride in stoichiometric proportions was selected for evaluation. These new membranes, henceforth designated by the trade name Diaflo, can be synthesized in such a way as to provide a family of membranes with a net neutral charge and a wide range of permeabilities to water when a pressure gradient is applied. Figure 1 shows a diagrammatic sketch of the membrane which in itself is only 1-2 mils thick and quite fragile. For greater strength it has been cast on a stout backing of highly porous polyester felt. The overall thickness of membrane and backing is 6-10 mils. Essentially all properties of discrimination and resistance to water flow reside in the membrane skin. EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES AND RESULTSDiaflo membranes were initally studied from the standpoint of traditional diffusive transport in order to see if a significant contribution from diffusion would be present in their subsequent evaluation with ultrafiltration. Figure 2 is a photograph of the Leonard-Bluemle batch dialyzer (6) . A membrane disc is clamped between 2 hemichambers by a metal coupler. Each chamber is stirred at constant temperature by a magne...

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Section: Experimental Studies and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood purification by ultrafiltration and fluid replacement (diafiltration)

Henderson¹,

Besarab²,

Michaels

et al. 2004

Hemodialysis International

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“…Membrane separation has been widely used in various fields in the past decades [1,2], such as water treatment [3], food processing [4], and drug concentration [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-situ combined dual-layer CNT/PVDF membrane for electrically-enhanced fouling resistance

Wang

Liang

et al. 2015

Journal of Membrane Science

113

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“…Shortly after the initial demonstrations of ultrafiltration applied to bioprocesses in the early 1960s, the first laboratory-scale ultrafiltration membranes became available (61). Since the first report, in 1965, on protein concentration by ultrafiltration (62), this technology has been tested in various configurations on a multitude of biological models, including the ultrafiltration of a cell suspension with proteins in solution (63), the concentration of human albumin using hollow-fiber ultrafiltration (64), the ultrafiltration of skim milk in a rotating module (65), the concentration of S49 lymphoma cells by cross-flow ultrafiltration (66), the concentration and purification of antibiotics and enzymes (67), the production of soybean and peanut protein isolates in a hollow-fiber membrane system operated in an ultrafiltration or a diafiltration mode (68), the recovery by ultrafiltration and diafiltration of high molecular weight products (e.g. polypeptides or enzymes) obtained in dilute aqueous solutions in bioreactors (69), the concentration of soya protein precipitate (70), the recovery of steroids from biotransformation medium by tangential-flow filtration used in combination with microsized polymeric particles (71).…”

Section: Membrane Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and Applications of Downstream Processing

Hamel

Hunter

1990

ACS Symposium Series

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Downstream processing is playing an increasingly important role in the biochemical industry, especially since the advent of recombinant DNA technology. The use of recombinant DNA technology not only enables improvements in the production efficiency of therapeutic and industrial proteins, but it also permits the modification and improvement of protein structure and thus function.However, the commercial application of such technology was initially accompanied by concerns over product safety.Quality criteria have been made especially stringent for products derived from genetically-modified microorganisms. The establishment of strict quality guidelines was the result of early concern about the oncogenic potential related to products contaminated by DNA sequences of the host mammalian cells (1). The quest for high quality has created a growing need for high-resolution techniques at the process scale as well as for novel strategies for the isolation and purification of bioproducts. Since the typical environment for producing biologicals is a complex one and quality criteria need to be strict, primary recovery techniques are typically implemented in a purification scheme prior to (or in conjunction with) high-resolution techniques. The most sophisticated and useful schemes take advantage of both the different physical and chemical properties of the components in complex mixtures and of the interactive nature of the downstream processing techniques (see Figure 1).

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Protein Solutions: Concentration by a Rapid Method

Abstract: Protein solutions were concentrated, with no evidence of denaturation, by means of membranes formed from the complex interaction product of polyanions and polycations (Diaplex). The technique is considerably more rapid than conventional ultrafiltration with Visking tubing.

Cited by 82 publications

References 2 publications

Blood purification by ultrafiltration and fluid replacement (diafiltration)

Blood purification by ultrafiltration and fluid replacement (diafiltration)

In-situ combined dual-layer CNT/PVDF membrane for electrically-enhanced fouling resistance

Modeling and Applications of Downstream Processing

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