Protein studies on maize silage as a basal ration for dairy cows

Phipps, R. H.; Weller, R. F.; Smith, Tim; Fulford, Rosemary J.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600066053

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This scale of response and pattern of diminishing return to increments of casein is comparable to results of other studies with well-nourished cows (Clark, 1975;Vik-Mo et al 1974;Clark et al 1977). Similar increases in milk protein yield have also been recorded in feeding experiments when cows have been given dietary protein supplements (Oldham et al 1979;Claypool et al 1980;Phipps et al 1981). However, much bigger responses to abomasal supplements of casein were reported by Orskov et al (1 977) who deliberately underfed their cows to enforce a substantial negative energy balance and the effect of casein supplementation was to enhance energy deficit.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

The effect of abomasal infusion of casein on acetate, palmitate and glucose kinetics in cows during early lactation

Jd²,

1984

Br J Nutr

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1. Four mature Friesian cows were used in a Latin square design experiment to measure the effects of abomasal casein infusion on milk production and the kinetics of glucose, acetate and palmitate in jugular venous blood.2. The basal ration contained 11 0 g crude protein/kg dry matter and was offered at the rate of 4 kg hay, 3 kg alkali-treated straw cubes plus 9 kg concentrates/d. Treatments were infusion of casein into the abomasum at the rate of 0, 240 or 460 g/d. The experiment started 1 week post partum. Experimental periods lasted 21 d.3. [6-SH]glucose, [9, 10-3H]palmitate and [U-"C]acetate were continuously infused into one jugular vein for measurements of whole-body flux rates.4. The yield of milk protein was increased significantly (P < 0.05) by the first increment of casein infusion, with no further increases.5. Casein infusion had no effect on blood concentrations of glucose, acetate, palmitate or growth hormone.Mean flux rate of glucose increased with each increment of casein. The effect at 460 g/d was higher (P < 0.1) than with no infusion. Flux rates of palmitate and acetate were increased (P < 0.1) by the first increment of casein.The proportion of blood bicarbonate derived from acetate increased (P -= 0.05) with the first increment of casein.6. Protein status of cows early in lactation influences the dynamics of glucose and fatty acid metabolism.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

The effect of abomasal infusion of casein on acetate, palmitate and glucose kinetics in cows during early lactation

Jd²,

1984

Br J Nutr

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“…in relation to D.M. intake (Phipps et al 1981) to 140 g/kg D.M. The provision, however, of a higher CP concentration through the use of the SC did not lead to further increases in intake.…”

Section: Response To Forage Types and Concentratesmentioning

confidence: 80%

The effect of level and type of concentrate and type of conserved forage on dry matter intake and milk production of lactating dairy cows

Phipps¹,

Weller²,

Elliott³

et al. 1988

J. Agric. Sci.

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S U M M A R YBetween weeks 3 and 16 of lactation 191 British Friesians received a basal ration ad libitum of either grass silage (GS), grass and maize silage (GS/MS) blended in a ratio of 1:2 or grass silage and 4% NaOH-treated barley straw (GS/TS) blended in a 4:1 ratio. The grass silage, which was not well preserved, had an estimated metabolizable energy (ME) content of 9-9 MJ/kg D.M., while corresponding values for the GS/MS and GS/TS mixtures were 106 and 9-5 MJ/kg D.M., respectively.A conventional concentrate (CC) based on barley and soyabean meal was fed at three levels (9, 6 and 3 kg fresh weight/day). Although the 9 kg level was only used in conjunction with GS, the two lower levels were fed with all three forage types. Concentrate composition was also varied at the 6 and 3 kg levels by replacing, in each case, 2 kg CC with a special concentrate (SC) which, in addition to barley, wheat and soyabean meal contained, on an air-dry basis, 25 % fishmeal and 25 % protected fat in the form of Megalac* The concentrations of crude protein (CP) and ME in the CC and SC were 186 g/kgD.M. and 12-9 MJ/kg D.M. and 285 g/kg D.M. and 17-2 MJ/kg D.M., respectively.At an early stage the treatments in which 3 kg SC were fed in conjunction with either GS or GS/ TS were abandoned due to an extremely high incidence of ketosis. The problem appeared to be linked to the use of sources of undegraded protein and protected energy in cases where intake was low and energy deficit high. In the remaining treatments the use of SC did not significantly affect milk yield, milk composition or live-weight change.The D.M. intakes and milk yields from the GS/MS mixture were consistently higher, at comparable concentrate inputs, than those obtained from either GS or GS/TS. Forage intakes decreased by 0-21, 0-26 and 0-23 kg D.M./kg concentrate D.M. for GS, GS/MS and GS/TS treatments, respectively.Averaged over concentrate type the response to increasing concentrates from 3 to 6 kg fresh weight/day with GS, GS/MS and GS/TS forage treatments was 1-36, 100 and 1-38 kg milk/kg additional concentrate D.M., respectively. Although no very clear pattern emerged for milk fat concentration, the yield of milk fat declined as concentrate input decreased, but was higher for GS/ MS (816g/day) when compared with the GS (710g/day) and GS/TS (696 g/day) treatments. At both the 3 and 6 kg concentrate levels the concentration and yield of milk protein were higher for the GS/MS treatments when compared with GS or GS/TS treatments.

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“…Inadequate intake of protein has detrimental effects on animal performance (Phipps et al, 1981). Thus, the 0.2 kg concentrate treatment was offered as soya bean meal, which had a similar ME concentration as the pelleted concentrate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of silage from maize crops differing in maturity at harvest, grass silage feed value and concentrate feed level on performance of finishing lambs

Keady

Hanrahan

2013

Animal

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The effects of (i) medium and high feed value (MFV and HFV) maize silages and (ii) MFV and HFV grass silages, each in combination with a range of concentrate feed levels, on the performance of finishing lambs were evaluated using 280 Suffolk-X lambs (initial live weight 36.1 kg). The MFV and HFV maize silages represented crops with dry matter (DM) concentrations of 185 and 250 g/kg, respectively, at harvest, and had starch and metabolisable energy (ME) concentrations of 33 and 277 g/kg DM and 9.6 and 11.0 MJ/kg, respectively. HFV and MFV grass silages had DM and ME concentrations of 216 and 294 g/kg and 11.0 and 11.5 MJ/kg DM, respectively. A total of 13 treatments were involved. The four silages were offered ad libitum with daily concentrate supplements of 0.2, 0.5 or 0.8 kg per lamb. A final treatment consisted of concentrate offered ad libitum with 0.5 kg of the HFV grass silage daily. Increasing the feed value of grass silage increased (P , 0.001) forage intake, daily carcass and live weight gains, final live weight and carcass weight. Increasing maize silage feed value tended to increase (P 5 0.07) daily carcass gain. Increasing concentrate feed level increased total food and ME intakes, and live weight and carcass gains. There was a significant interaction between silage feed value and the response to concentrate feed level. Relative to the HFV grass silage, the positive linear response to increasing concentrate feed level was greater with lambs offered the MFV grass silage for daily live weight gain (P , 0.001), daily carcass gain (P , 0.01) and final carcass weight (P , 0.01). Relative to the HFV maize silage, there was a greater response to increasing concentrate feed level from lambs offered the MFV maize silage in terms of daily carcass gain (P , 0.05) and daily live weight gain (P 5 0.06). Forage type had no significant effect on the response to increased concentrate feed level. Relative to the MFV grass silage supplemented with 0.2 kg concentrate, the potential concentrate-sparing effect of the HFV grass silage, and the MFV and HFV maize silages was 0.41, 0.09 and 0.25 kg daily per lamb, respectively. It is concluded that increasing forage feed value increased forage intake and animal performance, and maize silage can replace MFV grass silage in the diet of finishing lambs as performance was equal to or better (depending on maturity of maize at harvest) than that for MFV grass silage.

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Protein studies on maize silage as a basal ration for dairy cows

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

The effect of abomasal infusion of casein on acetate, palmitate and glucose kinetics in cows during early lactation

The effect of abomasal infusion of casein on acetate, palmitate and glucose kinetics in cows during early lactation

The effect of level and type of concentrate and type of conserved forage on dry matter intake and milk production of lactating dairy cows

Effects of silage from maize crops differing in maturity at harvest, grass silage feed value and concentrate feed level on performance of finishing lambs

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