Protein Synthesis, Degradation, and Retention: Mechanisms of Indeterminate Growth in Cephalopods

Moltschaniwskyj, Natalie A.; Carter, Chris

doi:10.1086/656387

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 57 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Aside from muscle contraction, the two most energy demanding processes in cells are the maintenance of ionic gradients via Na + /K + ATPase and protein turnover (synthesis and degradation) (Wieser and Krumschnabel, 2001). The rapid growth rates of cephalopods have been suggested to occur due to high rates of protein synthesis and high efficiency of protein retention, which implies low protein degradation (Houlihan et al, 1990; Carter et al, 2009; Moltschaniwskyj and Carter, 2010). It is possible to measure the relationship between these processes and oxygen consumption by pharmacological inhibition of Na + /K + ATPase with ouabain and protein synthesis with cycloheximide (Wieser and Krumschnabel, 2001; Agin et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoxic Induced Decrease in Oxygen Consumption in Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) Is Associated with Minor Increases in Mantle Octopine but No Changes in Markers of Protein Turnover

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The common cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis), a dominant species in the north-east Atlantic ocean and Mediterranean Sea, is potentially subject to hypoxic conditions due to eutrophication of coastal waters and intensive aquaculture. Here we initiate studies on the biochemical response to an anticipated level of hypoxia. Cuttlefish challenged for 1 h at an oxygen level of 50% dissolved oxygen saturation showed a decrease in oxygen consumption of 37% associated with an 85% increase in ventilation rate. Octopine levels were increased to a small but significant level in mantle, whereas there was no change in gill or heart. There were no changes in mantle free glucose or glycogen levels. Similarly, the hypoxic period did not result in changes in HSP70 or polyubiquinated protein levels in mantle, gill, or heart. As such, it appears that although there was a decrease in metabolic rate there was only a minor increase in anaerobic metabolism as evidenced by octopine accumulation and no biochemical changes that are hallmarks of alterations in protein trafficking. Experiments with isolated preparations of mantle, gill, and heart revealed that pharmacological inhibition of protein synthesis could decrease oxygen consumption by 32 to 42% or Na+/K+ ATPase activity by 24 to 54% dependent upon tissue type. We propose that the decrease in whole animal oxygen consumption was potentially the result of controlled decreases in the energy demanding processes of both protein synthesis and Na+/K+ ATPase activity.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoxic Induced Decrease in Oxygen Consumption in Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) Is Associated with Minor Increases in Mantle Octopine but No Changes in Markers of Protein Turnover

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Increasing lipid levels in food would be not exerting the sparing effect of protein for growth amply reported for fish (Watanabe, 2002). According to Houlihan et al (1990) and Moltschaniwskyj and Carter (2010), such a sparing effect of protein should give a high rate of protein synthesis and low protein degradation. However, 28 day old paralarvae showed a significant increase in GDH activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Course of Metabolic Capacities in Paralarvae of the Common Octopus, Octopus vulgaris, in the First Stages of Life. Searching Biomarkers of Nutritional Imbalance

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The culture of the common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) is promising since the species has a relatively short lifecycle, rapid growth, and high food conversion ratios. However, recent attempts at successful paralarvae culture have failed due to slow growth and high mortality rates. Establishing an optimal nutritional regime for the paralarvae seems to be the impeding step in successful culture methods. Gaining a thorough knowledge of food regulation and assimilation is essential for paralarvae survival and longevity under culture conditions. The aim of this study, then, was to elucidate the characteristic metabolic organization of octopus paralarvae throughout an ontogenic period of 12 days post-hatching, as well as assess the effect of diet enrichment with live prey containing abundant marine phospholipids. Our results showed that throughout the ontogenic period studied, an increase in anaerobic metabolism took place largely due to an increased dependence of paralarvae on exogenous food. Our studies showed that this activity was supported by octopine dehydrogenase activity, with a less significant contribution of lactate dehydrogenase activity. Regarding aerobic metabolism, the use of amino acids was maintained for the duration of the experiment. Our studies also showed a significant increase in the rate of oxidation of fatty acids from 6 days after-hatching. A low, although sustained, capacity for de novo synthesis of glucose from amino acids and glycerol was also observed. Regardless of the composition of the food, glycerol kinase activity significantly increased a few days prior to a massive mortality event. This could be related to a metabolic imbalance in the redox state responsible for the high mortality. Thus, glycerol kinase might be used as an effective nutritional and welfare biomarker. The studies in this report also revealed the important finding that feeding larvae with phospholipid-enriched Artemia improved animal viability and welfare, significantly increasing the rate of survival and growth of paralarvae.

show abstract

“…Prior to our study, the fractional rate of protein synthesis had only been measured in two species of cephalopods; the common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) (14) and the Southern dumpling squid (Euprymna tasmanica) (5,25,26), but never in a cuttlefish. Our work is the first to measure the fractional rate of protein synthesis in S. officinalis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic rate and rates of protein turnover in food-deprived cuttlefish,Sepia officinalis(Linnaeus 1758)

Lamarre

MacCormack

Sykes

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To determine the metabolic response to food deprivation, cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) juveniles were either fed, fasted (3 to 5 days food deprivation), or starved (12 days food deprivation). Fasting resulted in a decrease in triglyceride levels in the digestive gland, and after 12 days, these lipid reserves were essentially depleted. Oxygen consumption was decreased to 53% and NH4 excretion to 36% of the fed group following 3-5 days of food deprivation. Oxygen consumption remained low in the starved group, but NH4 excretion returned to the level recorded for fed animals during starvation. The fractional rate of protein synthesis of fasting animals decreased to 25% in both mantle and gill compared with fed animals and remained low in the mantle with the onset of starvation. In gill, however, protein synthesis rate increased to a level that was 45% of the fed group during starvation. In mantle, starvation led to an increase in cathepsin A-, B-, H-, and L-like enzyme activity and a 2.3-fold increase in polyubiquitin mRNA that suggested an increase in ubiquitin-proteasome activity. In gill, there was a transient increase in the polyubiquitin transcript levels in the transition from fed through fasted to the starved state and cathepsin A-, B-, H-, and L-like activity was lower in starved compared with fed animals. The response in gill appears more complex, as they better maintain rates of protein synthesis and show no evidence of enhanced protein breakdown through recognized catabolic processes.

show abstract

Protein Synthesis, Degradation, and Retention: Mechanisms of Indeterminate Growth in Cephalopods

Cited by 29 publications

References 57 publications

Hypoxic Induced Decrease in Oxygen Consumption in Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) Is Associated with Minor Increases in Mantle Octopine but No Changes in Markers of Protein Turnover

Hypoxic Induced Decrease in Oxygen Consumption in Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) Is Associated with Minor Increases in Mantle Octopine but No Changes in Markers of Protein Turnover

Time Course of Metabolic Capacities in Paralarvae of the Common Octopus, Octopus vulgaris, in the First Stages of Life. Searching Biomarkers of Nutritional Imbalance

Metabolic rate and rates of protein turnover in food-deprived cuttlefish,Sepia officinalis(Linnaeus 1758)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About