Protein Targeting to Starch 1 is essential for starchy endosperm development in barley

Abstract

Protein Targeting to Starch 1 is essential for development of starchy endosperm and viability of barley grains.

A Review of Starch Biosynthesis in Relation to the Building Block-Backbone Model

“…Loss of PTST1 in Arabidopsis results in loss of GBSSI from the starch granules and a waxy phenotype [ 183 ], and its conservation throughout the plant Kingdoms argues for a critical role in amylose biosynthesis. However, studies in barley and rice endosperm suggest the impact of loss of PTST1 is greatest in chloroplasts, since effects on amylose synthesis in endosperm amyloplasts were highly variable [ 184 , 185 ].…”

Starch and Glycogen Analyses: Methods and Techniques

“…Moreover, protein carbohydrate analysis with soluble polyglucans (e.g., solubilized starches and starch fractions) typical methods, such as NMR, isothermal titration calorimetry, fluorescence spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance, micro scale thermophoresis, and biolayer interferometry can be applied. Binding of proteins to starch granules in vivo can be analyzed by using transgenic plants expressing proteins labelled with a fluorescent group, such as e.g., GFP, YFP, or mCherry [261,[269][270][271]. Fluorescence microscopy allows the determination of the distribution of the proteins within the plastids and at the starch granule (surface).…”

The A to B of starch granule formation in wheat endosperm

“…PTST1-like proteins have been studied in Arabidopsis leaves (Seung et al 2015), cassava roots (Bull et al 2018) as well as, barley and rice endosperm (Wang et al 2019; Zhong et al 2019). In Arabidopsis, rice and barley, these proteins have been shown to interact with the amylose synthesizing GRANULE BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE (GBSS).…”

“…In Arabidopsis, rice and barley, these proteins have been shown to interact with the amylose synthesizing GRANULE BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE (GBSS). Mutations of this protein in Arabidopsis (Seung et al 2015), cassava (Bull et al 2018) and rice (Wang et al 2019) reduce amylose amounts in starch, while barley ptst1 mutants do not accumulate endosperm starch (Zhong et al 2019).…”