Protein Tyrosine Nitration in Lung Cancer: Current Research Status and Future Perspectives

Abstract

Oxidative/nitrative damage is a crucial element among the complex factors that contribute to lung carcinogenesis. Nitric oxide (NO) free radicals, through chemical modifications such as tyrosine nitration, are significantly involved in lung carcinogenesis and metastasis. NO-mediated protein nitration, which is the addition of the nitro group (-NO2) to position 3 of the phenolic ring of a tyrosine residue, is an important molecular event in lung cancer, and has been studied with mass spectrometry. Nitration is involved in multiple biological processes, including signal transduction, protein degradation, energy metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, enzyme inactivation, immunogenic response, apoptosis, and cell death. This article reviews the relationship of NO and its derivates and lung cancer, formation and roles of tyrosine nitration in lung cancer, differences of protein nitration between lung cancer and other inflammatory pulmonary diseases, current status of protein nitration and nitroproteomics in lung cancer, and future perspectives to achieve a better understanding of lung carcinogenesis, for biomarker discovery; and for new diagnostic and prognostic monitoring, and therapeutic targets.

Antioxidant-Conjugated Peptide Attenuated Metabolic Reprogramming in Pulmonary Hypertension

“…Pathological instigation of the Akt pathway has been described in many cancers, specifically in lung carcinogenesis. Importantly, nitrosative stress-induced tyrosine nitration potentiated cellular proliferation, and metastasis [27,28].…”

Regulation of glutamine synthetase activity by transcriptional and posttranslational modifications negatively influences ganoderic acid biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum

“…Protein tyrosine nitration (PTN) is an important posttranslational modification generated by NO or reactive nitrogen species (Bottari, 2015). It can regulate multiple life processes, such as protein degradation, energy metabolism, mitochondrial function, inactive enzymes and apoptosis in animals and plants (Yeo et al ., 2015; Bartesaghi and Radi, 2018; Zhan et al ., 2018). Although nitration modification mediated by NO has been found in fungi, the detailed molecular functions and regulatory mechanisms are less studied, especially its effect on secondary metabolism (Bhattacharjee et al ., 2009; Kang et al ., 2015).…”

Nitric oxide in occurrence, progress and therapy of lung Cancer: a systemic review and meta-analysis

“…Nitric oxide (NO), a small molecule derived from L-arginine, has been demonstrated to participate in inflammation, tumor immunity and tumor apoptosis, as well as other pathophysiological process, which are associated with the pathogenesis, progression of lung cancer [ 4 ]. NO is produced by airway epithelial cells, vascular endothelial cells, resident macrophages and recruiting inflammatory cells in respiratory system.…”