Proteinases released<i>in vitro</i>by the parasitic stages of<i>Teladorsagia circumcincta</i>, an ovine abomasal nematode

Young, Calvin J.; McKeand, J.B.; Knox, David P.

doi:10.1017/s0031182000064805

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…At 14 dpi, AB-PAS and HID-AB stainings showed that the abomasal mucosa was characterized by depletion of both neutral and acidic mucins, confined to the area invaded by the parasite larvae, indicating a strictly localized response to the parasite. The limited modification observed at this stage of the infection may be an attempt of the parasite to create an optimal environment for itself through the production of enzymes that break down mucin protein and carbohydrate structures, as previously suggested [33]. In the rest of the mucosa, during the infection, the alteration in mucin composition, in particular in the hyperplastic glands, was characterized by a decrease of neutral and an increase in acidic mucins produced by the MNCs in the neck region of the gland.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Infection with the gastrointestinal nematode Ostertagia ostertagi in cattle affects mucus biosynthesis in the abomasum

Rinaldi

Dreesen

Hoorens

et al. 2011

Vet Res

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The mucus layer in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is considered to be the first line of defense to the external environment. Alteration in mucus components has been reported to occur during intestinal nematode infection in ruminants, but the role of mucus in response to abomasal parasites remains largely unclear. The aim of the current study was to analyze the effects of an Ostertagia ostertagi infection on the abomasal mucus biosynthesis in cattle. Increased gene expression of MUC1, MUC6 and MUC20 was observed, while MUC5AC did not change during infection. Qualitative changes of mucins, related to sugar composition, were also observed. AB-PAS and HID-AB stainings highlighted a decrease in neutral and an increase in acidic mucins, throughout the infection. Several genes involved in mucin core structure synthesis, branching and oligomerization, such as GCNT3, GCNT4, A4GNT and protein disulphide isomerases were found to be upregulated. Increase in mucin fucosylation was observed using the lectin UEA-I and through the evaluation of fucosyltransferases gene expression levels. Finally, transcription levels of 2 trefoil factors, TFF1 and TFF3, which are co-expressed with mucins in the GI tract, were also found to be significantly upregulated in infected animals. Although the alterations in mucus biosynthesis started early during infection, the biggest effects were found when adult worms were present on the surface of the abomasal mucosa and are likely caused by the alterations in mucosal cell populations, characterized by hyperplasia of mucus secreting cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Infection with the gastrointestinal nematode Ostertagia ostertagi in cattle affects mucus biosynthesis in the abomasum

Rinaldi

Dreesen

Hoorens

et al. 2011

Vet Res

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“…The relative proteinase activity present in extracts from parasites has been shown to vary considerably, depending on the protein substrate used for analysis (Maki and Yanagisawa 1986;Knox and Jones 1990;Young et al 1995) as well as the medium used for isolation or for determination of the activity. The present investigation shows that the presence of phosphates in the incubation medium (which are very often used) may influence the activity of various proteinases, thus making a comparison of the values recorded among various laboratories difficult.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Significant correlation between pathogenicity and proteinase parasite activity has been reported for nematodes such as Dirofilaria immitis (Tamashiro et al 1987), Nematospiroides dubius (Monroy et al 1989), Strongyloides stercoralis , Anisakis simplex (Sakanari and McKerrow 1990), Necator americanus (Kumar and Pritchard 1992;Brown et al 1995), Onchocerca spp. (Lackey et al 1989;Lustigman 1993), Trichinella spiralis Gimenez-Pardo et al 1992), Trichuris muris (Drake et al 1994), Strongylus vulgaris (Caffrey and Ryan 1994), Ancylostoma caninum (Harrop et al 1995;Hawdon et al 1995) and Teladorsagia (Ostertagia) circumcincta (Young et al 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteolytic enzymes of infective larvae and adults of Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Haemonchus contortus

Hadaś

Stankiewicz

1996

Parasitology Research

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The aim of this study was to acquire preliminary characterisation of the proteolytic enzymes of Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Haemonchus contortus so as to obtain a better understanding of the parasites' defence mechanisms against the host immune response. The proteinase band-pattern activity obtained using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed nine bands in T. colubriformis and H. contortus L3 larvae and four bands in adult T. colubriformis at alkaline pH. Similar testing of adult H. contortus at acidic pH gave four bands. Within the same species the same proteinase may occur in both larvae and adults. Some enzymes of similar molecular weight occurred in both species, but their relative activities differed. The majority of proteinases of T. colubriformis and H. contortus larvae and adult forms are generally of high molecular weight (35-200 kDa). Because proteinase of T. colubriformis and H. contortus have been difficult to classify on the basis of their enzymatic activity, we suggest they may be proteasomes.

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“…Their presumed functions such as nutrition uptake, tissue penetration and evasion of host immune responses emphasize their importance as targets for helminth control [13, 23, 26, 33, 39]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An AC-5 cathepsin B-like protease purified fromHaemonchus contortusexcretory secretory products shows protective antigen potential for lambs

et al. 2009

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The immunogenic properties of cysteine proteases obtained from excretory/secretory products (ES) of Haemonchus contortus were investigated with a fraction purified with a recombinant H. contortus cystatin affinity column. The enrichment of H. contortus ES for cysteine protease was confirmed with substrate SDS-PAGE gels since the cystatin-binding fraction activity was three times higher than total ES, despite representing only 3% of total ES. This activity was inhibited by a specific cysteine protease inhibitor (E64) and by recombinant cystatin. The one-dimensional profile of the cystatin-binding fraction displayed a single band with a molecular mass of 43 kDa. Mass spectrometry showed this to be AC-5, a cathepsin B-like cysteine protease which had not been identified in ES products of H. contortus before. The cystatin binding fraction was tested as an immunogen in lambs which were vaccinated three times (week 0, 2.5 and 5), challenged with 10 000 L3 H. contortus (week 6) before necropsy and compared to unvaccinated challenge controls and another group given total ES (n = 10 per group). The group vaccinated with cystatin-binding proteins showed 36% and 32% mean worm burden and eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) reductions, respectively, compared to the controls but total ES was almost without effect. After challenge the cystatin-binding proteins induced significantly higher local and systemic ES specific IgA and IgG responses.

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Proteinases releasedin vitroby the parasitic stages ofTeladorsagia circumcincta, an ovine abomasal nematode

Cited by 26 publications

References 19 publications

Infection with the gastrointestinal nematode Ostertagia ostertagi in cattle affects mucus biosynthesis in the abomasum

Infection with the gastrointestinal nematode Ostertagia ostertagi in cattle affects mucus biosynthesis in the abomasum

Proteolytic enzymes of infective larvae and adults of Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Haemonchus contortus

An AC-5 cathepsin B-like protease purified fromHaemonchus contortusexcretory secretory products shows protective antigen potential for lambs

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