Proteins from whole mouth saliva mediate greater protection against severe erosive tooth wear than proteins from parotid saliva using an in vitro model

Mutahar, Mahdi; Bartlett, David; Carpenter, Guy; Moazzez, Rebecca

doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103319

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…However, most studies have been performed several years ago using different molecular technologies. These methods include the most commonly used technique for the identification of proteins, namely western blot ( 21 , 36 , 47 , 50 – 52 ). More sophisticated approaches, such as liquid chromatography (LC) combined with mass spectroscopy (MS), or high-pressure-liquid-chromatography (HPLC) were also used alone or even in combinations ( 4 , 9 , 20 , 35 – 41 , 53 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The composition of the dental pellicle: an updated literature review

Enax,

Ganss,

Amaechi

et al. 2023

Front. Oral. Health

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BackgroundThe dental pellicle is a thin layer of up to several hundred nm in thickness, covering the tooth surface. It is known to protect the teeth from acid attacks through its selective permeability and it is involved in the remineralization process of the teeth. It functions also as binding site and source of nutrients for bacteria and conditioning biofilm (foundation) for dental plaque formation.MethodsFor this updated literature review, the PubMed database was searched for the dental pellicle and its composition.ResultsThe dental pellicle has been analyzed in the past years with various state-of-the art analytic techniques such as high-resolution microscopic techniques (e.g., scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy), spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry, affinity chromatography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and blotting-techniques (e.g., western blot). It consists of several different amino acids, proteins, and proteolytic protein fragments. Some studies also investigated other compounds of the pellicle, mainly fatty acids, and carbohydrates.ConclusionsThe dental pellicle is composed mainly of different proteins, but also fatty acids, and carbohydrates. Analysis with state-of-the-art analytical techniques have uncovered mainly acidic proline-rich proteins, amylase, cystatin, immunoglobulins, lysozyme, and mucins as main proteins of the dental pellicle. The pellicle has protective properties for the teeth. Further research is necessary to gain more knowledge about the role of the pellicle in the tooth remineralization process.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The composition of the dental pellicle: an updated literature review

Enax,

Ganss,

Amaechi

et al. 2023

Front. Oral. Health

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“…The tooth surface is covered by a subset of salivary proteins known as the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) to which bacteria can bind reversibly (reviewed by [6]) and form biofilms. The AEP offers a level of protection to the enamel surface [7][8][9][10] from dietary and esophageal acids, and is a modulator of dental erosion and erosive tooth wear progression. The binding of early colonizers to glycan motifs and sialic acids on salivary proteins adsorbed onto the tooth surface has been known for some time [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel bacterial proteolytic and metabolic activity associated with dental erosion-induced oral dysbiosis

et al. 2023

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Background Dental erosion is a disease of the oral cavity where acids cause a loss of tooth enamel and is defined as having no bacterial involvement. The tooth surface is protected from acid attack by salivary proteins that make up the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP). Bacteria have been shown to readily degrade salivary proteins, and some of which are present in the AEP. This study aimed to explore the role of bacteria in dental erosion using a multi-omics approach by comparing saliva collected from participants with dental erosion and healthy controls. Results Salivary proteomics was assessed by liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and demonstrated two altered AEP proteins in erosion, prolactin inducible protein (PIP), and zinc-alpha-2 glycoprotein (ZAG). Immunoblotting further suggested that degradation of PIP and ZAG is associated with erosion. Salivary microbiome analysis was performed by sequencing the bacterial 16S rRNA gene (V1-V2 region, Illumina) and showed that participants with dental erosion had a significantly (p < 0.05) less diverse microbiome than healthy controls (observed and Shannon diversity). Sequencing of bacterial mRNA for gene expression (Illumina sequencing) demonstrated that genes over-expressed in saliva from erosion participants included H + proton transporter genes, and three protease genes (msrAB, vanY, and ppdC). Salivary metabolomics was assessed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR). Metabolite concentrations correlated with gene expression, demonstrating that the dental erosion group had strong correlations between metabolites associated with protein degradation and amino acid fermentation. Conclusions We conclude that microbial proteolysis of salivary proteins found in the protective acquired enamel pellicle strongly correlates with dental erosion, and we propose four novel microbial genes implicated in this process.

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