“…This review proposes an expanded conceptual framework of these proteins based on their programmable principle and target specificity. Mann et al [10] clarified that synthetic biology tools are becoming increasingly important as we look to nature for biological solutions to complex problems (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 2a, and 2c). This review article highlights directed evolution for protein engineering, biosensor design, and biomanufacturing.…”