Proteins Involved in Otoconia Formation and Maintenance

Lundberg, Yunxia Wang; Xu, Yinfang

doi:10.5772/38247

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

References 133 publications

(129 reference statements)

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“…Indeed, the protein Pendrin, a HCO 3 − /Cl − exchanger channel, as well as Otopetrin1, a proton channel [423,424], are crucial for proper otoconial formation [425][426][427][428][429]. The otoconia are not completely inorganic, since a number of proteins were identified as organizing or structuring components, and the list of otoconia-relevant genes is expanding [430][431][432][433]. The major proteinaceous component found in the otoconia is otoconin 90/95 (OC-90/95) [434][435][436].…”

Section: Nox3 In the Vestibular Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other examples are Otogelin, which is found in the surrounding extracellular layer [444,445], and Otoancorin, which is located between the sensory hair cells and the overlaying extracellular matrix [446]. The concerted action and coordination of the various inorganic and organic components are necessary for the proper formation of functional otoconia [409,410,431,447,448].…”

Section: Nox3 In the Vestibular Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various proteins are necessary for proper otoconial formation. The major protein component is otoconin 90/95 (OC-90/95) [429][430][431], which is produced by the non-sensory epithelial cells. OC-90/95 is crucial for proper formation of the inorganic CaCO 3 crystallites.…”

Section: Signaling Functions Of Nox3mentioning

confidence: 99%

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NADPH Oxidase 3: Beyond the Inner Ear

Herb

2024

Antioxidants

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were formerly known as mere byproducts of metabolism with damaging effects on cellular structures. The discovery and description of NADPH oxidases (Nox) as a whole enzyme family that only produce this harmful group of molecules was surprising. After intensive research, seven Nox isoforms were discovered, described and extensively studied. Among them, the NADPH oxidase 3 is the perhaps most underrated Nox isoform, since it was firstly discovered in the inner ear. This stigma of Nox3 as “being only expressed in the inner ear” was also used by me several times. Therefore, the question arose whether this sentence is still valid or even usable. To this end, this review solely focuses on Nox3 and summarizes its discovery, the structural components, the activating and regulating factors, the expression in cells, tissues and organs, as well as the beneficial and detrimental effects of Nox3-mediated ROS production on body functions. Furthermore, the involvement of Nox3-derived ROS in diseases progression and, accordingly, as a potential target for disease treatment, will be discussed.

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