Proteinuria and decreased body mass index as a significant risk factor in developing end-stage renal disease

Iseki, Kunitoshi; Tokashiki, Kaori; Iseki, Chiho; Kohagura, Kentaro; Kinjo, Kozen; Takishita, Shuichi

doi:10.1007/s10157-008-0061-6

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The target population of CKD screening could be the general population of community or high‐risk groups. At present, the general population were mostly used as the research object, such as the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) of the USA, the Australian AusDiab study, the Norwegian Nord–Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) study, Japan's Okinawa screening program and Hong Kong's SHARE 13–17 in China, while the study object of KEEP US was high‐risk groups, including the patients with hypertension, diabetes or the first‐level relatives of people with high BP, diabetes and kidney disease 18,19 . Some scholars believed that the latter had a better direction and cost–benefit ratio, 20 and choosing the subjects who had known risk factors for susceptibility to CKD could find relatively high prevalence and screening rate, and could help to find more asymptomatic patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors associated with chronic kidney disease in adults over 40 years: A population study from Central China

Yan

Zhang²,

Liu

et al. 2010

Nephrology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors associated with chronic kidney disease in adults over 40 years: A population study from Central China

Yan

Zhang²,

Liu

et al. 2010

Nephrology

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“…The participants from the semiurban communities had a higher mean weight/BMI which has been shown in some populations to protect against CKD. 12 The prevalence of markers of CKD (proteinuria and/or hematuria) in this study was 19%. Of the number that had hematuria, 66.1% were females, this in part, could be due to the higher prevalence of urinary tract infections in women.…”

Section: Correlations and Multiple Regression Analysismentioning

confidence: 97%

Towards prevention of chronic kidney disease in Nigeria: a community-based study in Southeast Nigeria

Ulasi

Ijoma

Onodugo

et al. 2013

Kidney International Supplements

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global problem with increasing prevalence. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) accounts for 8% of all medical admissions and 42% of renal admissions in Nigeria. Screening for CKD facilitates early detection, evaluation, and treatment of CKD. There is a dearth of community-based data on the magnitude of CKD in Nigeria. This was an epidemiological study to define CKD and its risk factors in rural and semiurban communities in Southeast Nigeria. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) 430 kg/m 2 . The metabolic syndrome was evaluated using the National Cholesterol Evaluation Programme Adult Treatment Panel III definition; hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) X140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) X90 mm Hg. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was defined as fasting plasma glucose X7.0 mmol/l or 2-h plasma glucose X11.1 mmol/l. Proteinuria was regarded as significant if 1 þ and above, and hematuria was considered present if positive using urine strips. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using the CKD-EPI formula. A total of 2182 respondents aged 25-64 years were screened; 1941 with mean age of 43.7 ± 13.2 years were analyzed. Of this number, 26.1% had hypertension, 5.9% had DM, 10.4% had the metabolic syndrome, 14.9% were obese and 19% had proteinuria and/or hematuria. The prevalence of CKD was 11.4%. This study documented high prevalence of CKD and its risk factors. Routine screening of patients for risk factors for CKD at each contact with the doctor will help to identify early CKD patients who may benefit from preventive measures.

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“…Other predictors in Table 1 are also statistically significant, but the clinical significance is less than that of proteinuria and hypertension 8–13 . Effects of obesity on CKD and ESRD were complex and we observed that the decrease in body mass index was a risk factor for developing CKD 14 and ESRD 15 . Low glomerular filtration rate (GFR) per se was not significant, unless otherwise associated with proteinuria 16 .…”

Section: Predictors Of Esrd Among Screened Subjects (Table 1)mentioning

confidence: 87%

“…[8][9][10][11][12][13] Effects of obesity on CKD and ESRD were complex and we observed that the decrease in body mass index was a risk factor for developing CKD 14 and ESRD. 15 Low glomerular filtration rate (GFR) per se was not significant, unless otherwise associated with proteinuria. 16 The annual incidence of ESRD was approximately 1% in those with dip-stick 3+ and over and renal biopsy recipients.…”

Section: Predictors Of Esrd Among Screened Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renal outcomes in chronic kidney disease

Iseki¹

2010

Nephrology

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ABSTRACT:The prevalence of treated patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has been increasing steadily in Japan. High ESRD prevalence could be explained by multiple factors such as better survival on dialysis therapy, luxury acceptance due to insurance system to cover dialysis therapy, and 'truly' high incidence and prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The growing elderly population may also contribute to this trend. The Japanese Society of Nephrology estimated the prevalence of CKD stage 3 as 10.4%, 7.6% within the range of 50-59 mL/min per 1.73 m 2 in a screened population. Strong predictors of treated ESRD shown by using community-based screening programs and an ESRD registry in Okinawa are dip-stick-positive proteinuria and hypertension. Low glomerular filtration rate per se, which is often observed in the elderly population, is not a significant predictor of developing ESRD unless associated with proteinuria. CKD is common in Japan and is expected to increase, particularly in the elderly population. Benefits of proteinuria screening and automatic reporting of estimated glomerular filtration rate on the incidence of ESRD remain to be determined.According to the annual report of the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy (JSDT), the prevalence of treated end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients has been increasing for the past 20 years (Fig. 1).1 In the population aged 75 years and over, the prevalence is more than 0.5%. The incidence of ESRD is also increasing, particularly in those aged 75 years and over (Fig. 2). The main causes of ESRD incidence are diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic glomerulonephritis and nephrosclerosis. The incidence of DM is now more than 300 per million populations in those aged 65 years and over (Fig. 3). The mean age at start of dialysis therapy is over 65 years. There is a north (low) to south (high) gradient in the incidence and prevalence of ESRD without obvious explanation.The CKD prevalence seemed to be increasing in Japan. According to a community-based study in Hisayama, the age-adjusted prevalence of CKD stage 3 and 4 was 4.1% in 1974, 4.8% in 1988 and 8.7% in 2002 in men, and 7.3% in 1974, 11.2% in 1988 and 10.7% in 2002 in women. 2 This secular trend may be related to both genetic and environmental factors. Low birthweight, which is associated with lower nephron number, might develop DM and hypertension and therefore increase risk of ESRD.3 However, such data is not available in Japan. Lifestyle-related factors that are often associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome may have a role in the development and progression of CKD. (Table 1) Japan has a long history of universal screening systems including urine test for proteinuria and haematuria. 4,5 PREDICTORS OF ESRD AMONG SCREENED SUBJECTS6,7 It is not mandatory, however, so the fraction of people participating has been low at approximately 20-30%. We have been investigating the predictors of ESRD using two independent registries (Okinawa Dialysis Study (OKIDS) for dialysis patients and Okinawa General Healt...

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Proteinuria and decreased body mass index as a significant risk factor in developing end-stage renal disease

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

Prevalence and risk factors associated with chronic kidney disease in adults over 40 years: A population study from Central China

Prevalence and risk factors associated with chronic kidney disease in adults over 40 years: A population study from Central China

Towards prevention of chronic kidney disease in Nigeria: a community-based study in Southeast Nigeria

Renal outcomes in chronic kidney disease

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