Proteoglycans in Articular Cartilage and Their Contribution to Chondral Injury and Repair Mechanisms

Alcaide‐Ruggiero, Lourdes; Cugat, Ramón; Domínguez, Juan M.

doi:10.3390/ijms241310824

Cited by 34 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Articular cartilage is a tissue extremely resilient to mechanical stress and capable of withstanding loads far beyond normal body demands. It is composed of a matrix, the key components of which include type II collagen, hyaluronic acid, aggrecan, and various highly hydrated proteoglycans, secreted by a population of specialized cells called chondrocytes, which account for 1% of its total composition [84][85][86][87][88]. Despite its remarkable durability, however, articular cartilage exhibits a limited capacity for self-repair [6,89].…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteoarthritis: Insights into Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, Therapeutic Avenues, and the Potential of Natural Extracts

Coppola,

Greco,

Munir

et al. 2024

CIMB

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Osteoarthritis (OA) stands as a prevalent and progressively debilitating clinical condition globally, impacting joint structures and leading to their gradual deterioration through inflammatory mechanisms. While both non-modifiable and modifiable factors contribute to its onset, numerous aspects of OA pathophysiology remain elusive despite considerable research strides. Presently, diagnosis heavily relies on clinician expertise and meticulous differential diagnosis to exclude other joint-affecting conditions. Therapeutic approaches for OA predominantly focus on patient education for self-management alongside tailored exercise regimens, often complemented by various pharmacological interventions primarily targeting pain alleviation. However, pharmacological treatments typically exhibit short-term efficacy and local and/or systemic side effects, with prosthetic surgery being the ultimate resolution in severe cases. Thus, exploring the potential integration or substitution of conventional drug therapies with natural compounds and extracts emerges as a promising frontier in enhancing OA management. These alternatives offer improved safety profiles and possess the potential to target specific dysregulated pathways implicated in OA pathogenesis, thereby presenting a holistic approach to address the condition’s complexities.

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Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteoarthritis: Insights into Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, Therapeutic Avenues, and the Potential of Natural Extracts

Coppola,

Greco,

Munir

et al. 2024

CIMB

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“…For example, in osteoarthritis, an imbalance in the synthesis and degradation of CS leads to the degradation of cartilage ECM, resulting in joint degeneration. [184] Similarly, altered HS biosynthesis and/or catabolism have been associated with tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. [185][186][187]…”

Section: Hs Basement Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sweet but Challenging: Tackling the Complexity of GAGs with Engineered Tailor‐Made Biomaterials

Le Pennec,

Picart,

Vivès

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) play a crucial role in tissue homeostasis by regulating the activity and diffusion of bioactive molecules. Incorporating GAGs into biomaterials has emerged as a widely adopted strategy in medical applications, owing to their biocompatibility and ability to control the release of bioactive molecules. Nevertheless, immobilized GAGs on biomaterials can elicit distinct cellular responses compared to their soluble forms, underscoring the need to understand the interactions between GAG and bioactive molecules within engineered functional biomaterials. By controlling critical parameters such as GAG type, density, and sulfation, it becomes possible to precisely delineate GAG functions within a biomaterial context and to better mimic specific tissue properties, enabling tailored design of GAG‐based biomaterials for specific medical applications. However, this requires access to pure and well‐characterized GAG compounds, which remains challenging. This review focuses on different strategies for producing well‐defined GAGs and explores high‐throughput approaches employed to investigate GAG–growth factor interactions and to quantify cellular responses on GAG‐based biomaterials. These automated methods hold considerable promise for improving the understanding of the diverse functions of GAGs. In perspective, the scientific community is encouraged to adopt a rational approach in designing GAG‐based biomaterials, taking into account the in vivo properties of the targeted tissue for medical applications.

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“…The pericellular matrix (PCM) comprises several molecules interacting to generate a distinct extracellular matrix network. These components include collagen types VI and IX, biglycan, matrilin, fibronectin, and fibromodulin [145]. The PCM is frequently damaged or changed in osteoarthritis conditions.…”

Section: Ddrs As a Potential Therapeutic Against Oa And Ramentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Cellular and Molecular Mechanism of Discoidin Domain Receptors (DDR1 and DDR2) in Bone Formation, Regeneration, and Its Associated Disease Conditions

Mariadoss,

Wang

2023

IJMS

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The tyrosine kinase family receptor of discoidin domain receptors (DDR1 and DDR2) is known to be activated by extracellular matrix collagen catalytic binding protein receptors. They play a remarkable role in cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and cell survival. DDR1 of the DDR family regulates matrix-metalloproteinase, which causes extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and reconstruction during unbalanced homeostasis. Collagenous-rich DDR1 triggers the ECM of cartilage to regenerate the cartilage tissue in osteoarthritis (OA) and temporomandibular disorder (TMD). Moreover, DDR2 is prominently present in the fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, myofibroblasts, and chondrocytes. It is crucial in generating and breaking collagen vital cellular activities like proliferation, differentiation, and adhesion mechanisms. However, the deficiency of DDR1 rather than DDR2 was detrimental in cases of OA and TMDs. DDR1 stimulated the ECM cartilage and improved bone regeneration. Based on the above information, we made an effort to outline the advancement of the utmost promising DDR1 and DDR2 regulation in bone and cartilage, also summarizing their structural, biological activity, and selectivity.

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Proteoglycans in Articular Cartilage and Their Contribution to Chondral Injury and Repair Mechanisms

Cited by 34 publications

References 97 publications

Osteoarthritis: Insights into Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, Therapeutic Avenues, and the Potential of Natural Extracts

Osteoarthritis: Insights into Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, Therapeutic Avenues, and the Potential of Natural Extracts

Sweet but Challenging: Tackling the Complexity of GAGs with Engineered Tailor‐Made Biomaterials

Exploring the Cellular and Molecular Mechanism of Discoidin Domain Receptors (DDR1 and DDR2) in Bone Formation, Regeneration, and Its Associated Disease Conditions

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