Proteoglycans in Perineuronal Nets.

Matsui, Fumiko; Nishizuka, Masako; Oohira, Atsuhiko

doi:10.1267/ahc.32.141

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…In light-microscopic observations, these cells had morphological characteristics of neurons, and 6B4 labelings were present in perikarya and proximal dendrites, suggesting that they are perineuronal nets (Bertolotto et al 1996;Haunso et al 1999;Matsui et al 1999). In double staining with anti-GFAP antibody, 6B4 labeling was not detected in or around GFAP-positive astrocytes (Fig.…”

Section: Scale Bars 100 µMmentioning

confidence: 87%

Developmentally regulated expression of brain-specific chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, neurocan and phosphacan, in the postnatal rat hippocampus

Okamoto

Sakiyama

Kurazono

et al. 2001

Cell and Tissue Research

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Developmental changes in the distribution of brain-specific chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, neurocan and phosphacan/RPTPzeta/beta, in the hippocampus of the Sprague-Dawley rat were examined using monoclonal antibodies 1G2 and 6B4. The 1G2 immunoreactivity was predominant in the neonatal hippocampus while the 6B4 immunoreactivity was predominant in the mature hippocampus. Moderate 1G2 immunoreactivity was detected in the dentate gyrus and subiculum immediately after birth. Immunoreactivity reached a peak on postnatal days 7-10 (P7-P10) when intense 1G2 labeling was present throughout the neuropil layers of the hippocampus except the mossy fiber tract. 6B4 immunoreactivity was limited in the stratum lacunosum moleculare of CA1 in the neonatal hippocampus. It gradually increased by P21 when diffuse 6B4 immunoreactivity was detected in the stratum oriens and radiatum of Ammon's horn, and in the hilus and inner one-third molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, while 1G2 immunoreactivity decreased after P21. In the adult hippocampus, moderate 6B4 immunoreactivity was present in the stratum oriens and radiatum of Ammon's horn, and in the hilus and inner one-third molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, but not in the mossy fiber tract. In addition, strong 6B4 labeling appeared around a subset of neurons after P21. The results suggest that neurocan may have a role in the development of neuronal organization, while phosphacan/RPTPzeta/beta may contribute to the maintenance and plasticity of synaptic structure and function. Furthermore, the absence of 1G2 and 6B4 immunoreactivities in the stratum lucidum suggests that neurocan and phosphacan/RPTPzeta/beta may function as a barrier for the extension of mossy fibers and provide an environment permissive for fasciculation of the mossy fibers.

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Section: Scale Bars 100 µMmentioning

confidence: 87%

Developmentally regulated expression of brain-specific chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, neurocan and phosphacan, in the postnatal rat hippocampus

Okamoto

Sakiyama

Kurazono

et al. 2001

Cell and Tissue Research

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“…In adult nervous system, ECM may be both dispersed in the neuropil and concentrated in lattice-like envelopes, called perineuronal nets (PNNs; Brauer et al 1982), which surround the cell bodies and proximal dendrites of distinct subsets of neurons (for reviews, see Celio and Blümcke 1994;Celio et al 1998;Matsui et al 1999;Yamaguchi 2000). The ECM of the CNS contains glycoproteins, such as tenascin-R (Celio and Blümcke 1994;Wintergerst et al 1996;Angelov et al CSPGs have been identified and localized in the CNS by immunocytochemical methods, including all members of the lectican family (Perides et al 1993;Hagihara et al 1999;Matsui et al 1999;Brückner et al 2000;Matthews et al 2002) and phosphacan. Phosphacan is the secreted form of the receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase ζ/β (RPTPζ/β; Maeda et al 1995;Haunsø et al 1999) and has been detected in the ECM of the CNS both as a long proteoglycan and as a short non-proteoglycan (Garwood et al 2003) isoform.…”

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confidence: 99%

Differential expression of several molecules of the extracellular matrix in functionally and developmentally distinct regions of rat spinal cord

et al. 2006

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We have examined the regional distribution of several chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (neurocan, brevican, versican, aggrecan, phosphacan), of their glycosaminoglycan moieties, and of tenascin-R in the spinal cord of adult rat. The relationships of these molecules with glial and neuronal populations, identified with appropriate markers, were investigated by using multiple fluorescence labeling combined with confocal microscopy. The results showed that the distribution of the examined molecules was similar at all spinal cord levels but displayed area-specific differences along the dorso-ventral axis, delimiting functionally and developmentally distinct areas. In the gray matter, laminae I and II lacked perineuronal nets (PNNs) of extracellular matrix and contained low levels of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAGs), brevican, and tenascin-R, possibly favoring the maintenance of local neuroplastic properties. Conversely, CS-GAGs, brevican, and phosphacan were abundant, with numerous thick PNNs, in laminae III-VIII and X. Motor neurons (lamina IX) were surrounded by PNNs that contained all molecules investigated but displayed various amounts of CS-GAGs. Double-labeling experiments showed that the presence of PNNs could not be unequivocally related to specific classes of neurons, such as motor neurons or interneurons identified by their expression of calcium-binding proteins (parvalbumin, calbindin, calretinin). However, a good correlation was found between PNNs rich in CS-GAGs and the neuronal expression of the Kv3.1b subunit of the potassium channel, a marker of fast-firing neurons. This observation confirms the correlation between the electrophysiological properties of these neurons and the specific composition of their microenvironment.

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“…The major extracellular matrix constituents of PNs have been characterized as chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs) that are members of the aggrecanversican-neurocan-brevican family of aggregating proteoglycans (Zaremba et al, 1989;Brü ckner et al, 1994Brü ckner et al, , 1998Asher et al, 1995;Bertolotto et al, 1996;Lander et al, 1997;Matsui et al, 1998Matsui et al, , 1999Hagihara et al, 1999;Yamaguchi, 2000). These proteoglycans usually occur complexed with hyaluronan (Delpech et al, 1982(Delpech et al, , 1989Brü ckner et al, 1993;Yasuhara et al, 1994;Köppe et al, 1997b).…”

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confidence: 99%

Postnatal development of perineuronal nets in wild-type mice and in a mutant deficient in tenascin-R

et al. 2000

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The extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin-R (TN-R), colocalizing with hyaluronan, phosphacan, and aggregating chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans in the white and grey matter, is accumulated in perineuronal nets that surround different types of neurons in many brain regions. To characterize the role of TN-R in the formation of perineuronal nets, we studied their postnatal development in wild-type mice and in a TN-R knock-out mutant by using the lectin Wisteria floribunda agglutinin and an antibody to nonspecified chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans as established cytochemical markers. We detected the matrix components TN-R, hyaluronan, phosphacan, neurocan, and brevican in the perineuronal nets of cortical and subcortical regions. In wild-type mice, lectin-stained, immature perineuronal nets were first seen on postnatal day 4 in the brainstem and on day 14 in the cerebral cortex. The staining intensity of these nets for TN-R, hyaluronan, phosphacan, neurocan, and brevican was extremely weak or not distinguishable from that of the surrounding neuropil. However, all markers showed an increase in staining intensity of perineuronal nets reaching maximal levels between postnatal days 21 and 40. In TN-R-deficient animals, the perineuronal nets tended to show a granular component within their lattice-like structure at early stages of development. Additionally, the staining intensity in perineuronal nets was reduced for brevican, extremely low for hyaluronan and neurocan, and virtually no immunoreactivity was detectable for phosphacan. The granular configuration of perineuronal nets became more predominant with advancing age of the mutant animals, indicating the continued abnormal aggregation of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans complexed with hyaluronan. As shown by electron microscopy in the cerebral cortex, the disruption of perineuronal nets was not accompanied by apparent changes in the synaptic structure on net-bearing neurons. The regional distribution patterns and the temporal course of development of perineuronal nets were not obviously changed in the mutant. We conclude that the lack of TN-R initially and continuously disturbs the molecular scaffolding of extracellular matrix components in perineuronal nets. This may interfere with the development of the specific micromilieu of the ensheathed neurons and adjacent glial cells and may also permanently change their functional properties.

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Proteoglycans in Perineuronal Nets.

Cited by 18 publications

References 50 publications

Developmentally regulated expression of brain-specific chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, neurocan and phosphacan, in the postnatal rat hippocampus

Developmentally regulated expression of brain-specific chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, neurocan and phosphacan, in the postnatal rat hippocampus

Differential expression of several molecules of the extracellular matrix in functionally and developmentally distinct regions of rat spinal cord

Postnatal development of perineuronal nets in wild-type mice and in a mutant deficient in tenascin-R

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