Proteolysis in alfalfa silages made from different cultivars

Tremblay, Gaëtan F.; Bélanger, Gilles; McRae, K. B.; Michaud, R.

doi:10.4141/p00-153

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The Kenaf silage showing high concentrations of ammonia-N were observed in all cultivars at each harvest stage. Ammonia-N content of alfalfa silages reported by Tremblay et al (2001) was similar to our result. The protein degradation can be evaluated by level of ammonia-N concentration in silage (Muck, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Evaluation of Nutritive Value and Identification of Fungi in Silage from New Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) Cultivars

Ryu¹,

Kwon²,

Ahn³

et al. 2016

IJAB

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The effects of harvesting stage of new Kenaf cultivars on the nutritive values, amino acid contents and fungal abundance were investigated. The late and mid-late maturing cultivars offered more DM than did early-maturing cultivars. The DM was highest at 100 DAS in all Kenaf silage. For all cultivars, the crude protein content (7.4-18.4%) of silage was reduced if harvesting was delayed. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents were not significantly different among the cultivars; however NDF and ADF contents increased significantly upon late harvesting. All silages had pH values under 4.0, ensuring stable storage. The optimum harvesting time for silage production, as evidenced by yield, fermentation characteristics and nutritive value, was 100 DAS. The concentrations of amino acid in the silage were lower than that in the hay. Silage produced by all Kenaf cultivars exhibited low yeast biodiversity; only one species (Pichia fermentans) was detected when the harvesting date was optimal.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Evaluation of Nutritive Value and Identification of Fungi in Silage from New Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) Cultivars

Ryu¹,

Kwon²,

Ahn³

et al. 2016

IJAB

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“…However, the bacteria responsible for the increased NH 3 -N content in 4-h wilted silage were difficult to identify. Small NH 3 -N increases in non-clostridial silages can be caused by plant enzymes, lactic acid bacteria, other bacteria and nitrate reduction (Tremblay et al 2001). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of cultivar, wilting and storage period on fermentation and the clostridial community of alfalfa silage

Zheng

Niu

Zuo

et al. 2017

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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The objective of this study was to gain deeper insights into chemical transformations and the clostridial community dynamics during the ensiling of alfalfa. A factorial experiment was conducted with four alfalfa cultivars [Sanditi (A1), AC Caribou (A2), WL319HQ (A3) and 4030 (A4)] Â three wilting durations [0 h (direct-cut), 2 h and 4 h] Â three storage periods (14, 28 and 56 days). The clostridial community was examined using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. High butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 -N) contents and clostridia numbers were observed in direct-cut silage, with higher values observed in A4 than in the other three cultivars. However, butyric acid and NH 3 -N contents and clostridia numbers decreased with wilting regardless of the cultivar. Although Clostridium ghonii and Clostridium sartagoforme were common to all direct-cut and wilted silages, bands for these species were faint. Differences in the appearing time of these species were observed, bands for C. ghonii were found after 14 and 28 days of ensiling, while those for C. sartagoforme were only found after 56 days. In addition, in direct-cut silage, distinct bands for Clostridium perfringens were detected in A1, A2 and A3, while those for Clostridium sporogenes were detected in A4. The inactive spores of clostridia could be observed in 4-h wilted silage as no butyric acid was detected. It was concluded that the enhanced clostridial fermentation of direct-cut silage was attributed mainly to C. perfringens and C. sporogenes, while C. ghonii and C. sartagoforme were involved in the restricted clostridial fermentation of 2-h wilted silage. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…Plots were established at an experimental site near Que´bec City, Canada (latitude, 46847?15ƒ; longitude 71812?00ƒ; altitude :45 m above sea level). For each plot in 2001, when dry matter (DM) concentration of whole corn plant reached 30Á35%, seven mini-silos were made according to the procedure described by Tremblay et al (2001). Approximately 1.4 kg of chopped material was placed in polyvinyl chloride laboratory silos (40-cm length, 7.5-cm inside diameter) and 1200 kPa of pressure was applied to the ensiled forage with a hydraulic cylinder to simulate compaction in silos.…”

Section: Materials and Methods Silage Preparation And Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Representative silage samples were taken from the silos and stored at (208C for conventional silage analyses, or at (808C for PCR and Bt protein analyses. Duplicate analyses of DM,pH,total N, were done according to Tremblay et al (2001). Determination of L-lactic acid in silage was done using an enzymatic bioanalysis kit (cat.…”

Section: Materials and Methods Silage Preparation And Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcome of Bt transgenes and protein in corn silage, processed grains, and rumen content

Tremblay¹,

Laberge²,

Castonguay³

et al. 2008

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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2008. Outcome of Bt transgenes and protein in corn silage, processed grains, and rumen content. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 88: 85Á95. The environmental impact of transgenic plants has been questioned due to the potential persistence of proteins encoded by transgenes and horizontal gene transfer from the plant to gut microbes. The outcome of the encoded Bt [cry1A(b)] protein and transgene fragments cry1A(b), bar, and bla) was monitored in silage and processed grains of two commercial Bt11 (NK N44-P4 Bt LL and NK N27-M3 Bt LL) and one Bt176 (Elite N09-K9 Bt) corn hybrids. The three Bt-corn hybrids with their non-Bt isolines were field-grown in four replicates. Seven 1.4-kg capacity mini-silos were prepared per plot and then opened after 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 d. For each hybrid, two 500-kg plastic bag silos were also prepared, sampled after 30 and 198 d, and used in a feeding trial. In the mini-silos, the transgene fragments could no longer be amplified 32 d after ensiling. In the 500-kg plastic bag silos, the transgene fragments were still detectable in the three Bt hybrid silages 30 and 198 d after ensiling. At ensiling, the Bt protein concentration was 2.69, 4.11, and 0.83 mg g(1 DM for the Bt hybrids N44-P4, N27-M3, and N09-K9, respectively. After 64 d of fermentation in the mini-silos, the concentration was 4, 2, and 1% of the initial concentration, respectively, but was 16, 9, and 9% after 198 d in the 500-kg silos. After stringent processing treatments, transgene fragments, except the bla gene fragment, could still be amplified from corn grains. The Bt protein concentration in corn grain of the three Bt hybrids (initially 61, 239, and 21 ng g Á1 DM, respectively) decreased by 35, 74, and 67%, respectively, after micronization, by 92, 98, and 89% after extrusion, and by 100% after flaking. After 7 d of feeding Bt corn silage to six dairy cows, Bt protein increased in ruminal digesta with higher concentrations for Bt11 hybrids than the Bt176 hybrid; in all cases, however, concentrations were very low in forage digesta and below detection levels in rumen fluid.

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Proteolysis in alfalfa silages made from different cultivars

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Evaluation of Nutritive Value and Identification of Fungi in Silage from New Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) Cultivars

Evaluation of Nutritive Value and Identification of Fungi in Silage from New Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) Cultivars

The effect of cultivar, wilting and storage period on fermentation and the clostridial community of alfalfa silage

Outcome of Bt transgenes and protein in corn silage, processed grains, and rumen content

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