Proteolytic bacteria in the lower digestive tract of poultry may affect avian influenza virus pathogenicity

King, Marcus David; Guentzel, M. Neal; Arulanandam, Bernard P.; Lupiani, Blanca; Chambers, James P.

doi:10.3382/ps.2008-00549

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Since most of these PFs neither do have a good surveillance systems nor well-documented monitoring mechanisms to record potential pathogenic microorganisms or other poultry-hazards claiming serious public health implications. Recent data from various poultry based studies in Bangladesh evidences high prevalence of human pathogens like, Escherichia coli, non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica and Enterobacter spp [2,4,5], being similar to other countries reporting various enterobacteriaceae in eggs and meats [6,7]. Several authors reported presence of P. mirabilis in poultry meat [8,9]; none of similar type of data had been reported from in Bangladesh.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Multidrug Resistant-Proteus Mirabilis Isolated from Chicken Droppings in Commercial Poultry Farms: Bio-security Concern and Emerging Public Health Threat in Bangladesh

Nahar¹

2014

J Biosafety Health Educ

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Poultry is a rampantly expanding agro-industry in Bangladesh like other developing countries. Several studies have detected multidrug resistance (MDR) Proteus mirabilis from poultry meat globally; however, no similar data was available for poultry samples in Bangladesh. P. mirabilis is a zoonotic human pathogen of urinary tract infection (UTI), nosocomial infection and wound infection, therefore, a potential threat to public health. We isolated P. mirabilis from chicken droppings collected from local commercial poultry farms and examined their antimicrobials susceptibilities. Chicken droppings were streak-cultured onto xylose lysine deoxycholate agar plates after enriching in buffered peptone water. Selective colonies were identified by biochemical test and API20E kits. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were tested by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Total 36 P. mirabilis were isolated from 39% (27 of 70) chicken droppings. Tetracycline evidenced as the highest individually-resistant (94%, 34/36) antibiotic (AB) while ciprofloxacin was the lowest (17%, 6/36). Hazard lies when 83% P. mirabilis were proved to be MDR (30/36), being resistant to three or more AB. Findings provide a baseline data on MDR P. mirabilis circulating around these PFs, it would assist the veterinarian in rational treatment and biosafety planning. More detail studies will be required to clarify their antimicrobial resistance and clinical relevance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Multidrug Resistant-Proteus Mirabilis Isolated from Chicken Droppings in Commercial Poultry Farms: Bio-security Concern and Emerging Public Health Threat in Bangladesh

Nahar¹

2014

J Biosafety Health Educ

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“…12 In addition, P. mirabilis is a proteolytic bacterium that is proven lately to alter the pathogenicity of avian influenza viruses, due to its ability to cleave the hemagglutinin protein of this virus. 34 The data presented in Tables 3 and 4, and in Fig. 1 show the high relatedness of the poultry to human isolates of P. mirabilis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of phenotypic and virulence genes characteristics in human and chicken isolates ofProteus mirabilis

Barbour

Hajj²,

Hamadeh³

et al. 2012

Pathogens and Global Health

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The objective of this work is to compare the phenotypic and virulence genes characteristics in human and chicken isolates of Proteus mirabilis. The bacterial examination of 50 livers of individual broilers, marketed by four major outlets, revealed a high recovery of P. mirabilis (66%), and a low recovery frequency of Salmonella spp. (4%), Serratia odorifera (2%), Citrobacter brakii (2%), and Providencia stuartii (2%). The phenotypic biochemical characterization of the recovered 33 chicken isolates of P. mirabilis were compared to 30 human isolates (23 urinary and six respiratory isolates). The comparison revealed significant differences in the presence of gelatinase enzyme (100% presence in chicken isolates versus 91.3 and 83.3% presence in human urinary and respiratory isolates, respectively, P,0.05). The H 2 S production occurred in 100% of chicken isolates versus 95.6 and 66.7% presence in human urinary and respiratory isolates, respectively, P,0.05). The other 17 biochemical characteristics did not differ significantly among the three groups of isolates (P.0.05). Two virulence genes, the mrpA and FliL, were having a typical 100% presence in randomly selected isolates of P. mirabilis recovered from chicken livers (N510) versus isolates recovered from urinary (N55) and respiratory specimens of humans (N55) (P.0.05). The average percentage similarity of mrpA gene nucleotide sequence of poultry isolates to human urinary and respiratory isolates was 93.2 and 97.5-%, respectively. The high similarity in phenotypic characteristics, associated with typical frequency of presence of two virulence genes, and high similarity in sequences of mrpA gene among poultry versus human P. mirabilis isolates justifies future investigations targeting the evaluation of adaptable pathogenicity of avian Proteus mirabilis isolates to mammalian hosts.

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“…In addition, HA‐activating proteases from H. influenzae or S. pneumoniae strains have not been described so far. Attempts to isolate HA‐activating proteases from bacteria present in the respiratory tract of pigs or in the lower digestive tract of waterfowl failed (Callan et al ., ; King et al ., ).…”

Section: Bacterial Proteases Can Cleave Ha During Co‐infectionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Activation of influenza viruses by proteases from host cells and bacteria in the human airway epithelium

Böttcher‐Friebertshäuser

2013

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Influenza is an acute infection of the respiratory tract, which affects each year millions of people. Influenza virus infection is initiated by the surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) through receptor binding and fusion of viral and endosomal membranes. HA is synthesized as a precursor protein and requires cleavage by host cell proteases to gain its fusion capacity. Although cleavage of HA is crucial for virus infectivity, little was known about relevant proteases in the human airways for a long time. Recent progress in the identification and characterization of HA-activating host cell proteases has been considerable however and supports the idea of targeting HA cleavage as a novel approach for influenza treatment. Interestingly, certain bacteria have been demonstrated to support HA activation either by secreting proteases that cleave HA or due to activation of cellular proteases and thereby may contribute to virus spread and enhanced pathogenicity. In this review, we give an overview on activation of influenza viruses by proteases from host cells and bacteria with the main focus on recent progress on HA cleavage by proteases HAT and TMPRSS2 in the human airway epithelium. In addition, we outline investigations of HA-activating proteases as potential drug targets for influenza treatment.

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Proteolytic bacteria in the lower digestive tract of poultry may affect avian influenza virus pathogenicity

Cited by 20 publications

References 46 publications

Multidrug Resistant-Proteus Mirabilis Isolated from Chicken Droppings in Commercial Poultry Farms: Bio-security Concern and Emerging Public Health Threat in Bangladesh

Multidrug Resistant-Proteus Mirabilis Isolated from Chicken Droppings in Commercial Poultry Farms: Bio-security Concern and Emerging Public Health Threat in Bangladesh

Comparison of phenotypic and virulence genes characteristics in human and chicken isolates ofProteus mirabilis

Activation of influenza viruses by proteases from host cells and bacteria in the human airway epithelium

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