Proteomic analysis during larval development and metamorphosis of the spionid polychaete Pseudopolydora vexillosa

Abstract

BackgroundWhile the larval-juvenile transition (metamorphosis) in the spionid polychaete Pseudopolydora vexillosa involves gradual morphological changes and does not require substantial development of juvenile organs, the opposite occurs in the barnacle Balanus amphitrite. We hypothesized that the proteome changes during metamorphosis in the spionids are less drastic than that in the barnacles. To test this, proteomes of pre-competent larvae, competent larvae (ready to metamorphose), and juveniles of P. vexillosa were compared using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), and they were then compared to those of the barnacle.ResultsUnlike the significant changes found during barnacle metamorphosis, proteomes of competent P. vexillosa larvae were more similar to those of their juveniles. Pre-competent larvae had significantly fewer protein spots (384 spots), while both competent larvae and juveniles expressed about 660 protein spots each. Proteins up-regulated during competence identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis included a molecular chaperon (calreticulin), a signal transduction regulator (tyrosin activation protein), and a tissue-remodeling enzyme (metallopeptidase).ConclusionsThis was the first time to study the protein expression patterns during the metamorphosis of a marine polychaete and to compare the proteomes of marine invertebrates that have different levels of morphological changes during metamorphosis. The findings provide promising initial steps towards the development of a proteome database for marine invertebrate metamorphosis, thus deciphering the possible mechanisms underlying larval metamorphosis in non-model marine organisms.

The proteomic response of larvae of the Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata to elevatedpCO2

“…Overall there was an average of 296 and 299 proteins detected in the wild and selectively bred lines, respectively. The current lack of proteomic studies on marine larvae in the literature makes a direct comparison of the results difficult (Thiyagarajan et al 2009). A recent study by Simonian et al(2009a) on a population of S. glomerata adults of held on the Georges River found 122 protein spots in wild adult oysters compared to 136 in selectively bred adult oysters.…”

“…This study used 2DE to determine whether elevations in atmospheric CO 2 influence the protein expression pattern of D-veliger larvae of S. glomerata. 2DE is a highly effective proteomic technique which allows the simultaneous analysis of hundreds of proteins representative of a sample from an organism at a particular time in its lifecycle under a particular biological condition (Zhao et al 2006;Thiyagarajan et al 2009). The technique has successfully increased our understanding of a number of processes in marine organisms including the complex nature of immunological responses (Simonian et al 2009a) and differences in protein expression between developmental stages (Thiyagarajan and Qian 2008).…”

“…The stacking gel (40% acrylamide/ bis solution, H 2 O (milliQ), 0.5 M Tris-HCl (pH 6.8), 10% SDS, APS, Temed) was then cast over the top of the running gel using appropriate combs for creating wells. After 30 min, following polymerisation of the stacking gel, the gels were placed in the PROTEAN mini cell system (Bio Rad), the IPG strips were loaded on top of the gels and sealed with 0.5% w/v agarose (Thiyagarajan et al 2009). 7 µL pre-stained SDS-PAGE standard protein (Bio-Rad) marker was added to each gel in the appropriate well before adding running buffer to the system.…”

Differential expression of novel metabolic and immunological biomarkers in oysters challenged with a virulent strain of OsHV-1

“…The production of free 4-HP resulting from ECM degradation is thought to play a role in initiating the apoptotic cascade via activation of the caspase-9 protease (Cooper et al 2008), as well as promoting HIF-1 activity by inhibiting the degradation of HIF-1α (Surazynski et al 2008). (Mannello et al 2003(Mannello et al , 2005Mok et al 2009).…”

Proteomic response of marine invertebrate larvae to ocean acidification and hypoxia during metamorphosis and calcification

“…Recently, proteomics analyses have been recognized as promising molecular tools that can be used to study larval development (Thiyagarajan and Qian, 2008), metamorphosis (Mok et al, 2009), perception of chemical signals ) and response to various environmental changes including OA (Dineshram et al, 2012;Wong et al, 2011). Although twodimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE)-based proteomics is widely used in larval biology research, it has been used in only a few climate change studies (Thiyagarajan, 2010;Tomanek, 2011).…”