Proteomic Analysis of Serum and Urine of HIV-Monoinfected and HIV/HCV-Coinfected Patients Undergoing Long Term Treatment with Nevirapine

Abstract

Nevirapine (NVP) is an effective nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) of particular interest as it is often used in resource limited countries. However, one of the main concerns with the use of NVP is hepatotoxicity and elevation of liver enzymes as a consequence of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) containing NVP is more often reported in HIV patients coinfected with hepatitis C virus than in HIV-monoinfected patients. To discover possible markers of NVP induced hepatotoxicity, serum and urine samples from twenty-five HIV or HIV/HCV patients, all of whom had received NVP continuously for at least four months, and healthy controls were subjected to in-solution or in-gel proteomic analysis. A total of 83 differentially regulated proteins consisted of 34 proteins identified in serum by in-solution analysis, 2 proteins identified from serum in a 2D gel electrophoresis analysis, and 47 proteins identified in urine in an in-solution analysis. Three proteins, namely, haptoglobin, Rho-related BTB domain containing protein 3, and death-associated protein kinase 3, were selected for further validation by Western blot analysis and results showed that haptoglobin has potential for further development as an additional marker of NVP induced hepatotoxicity.

Development and Evaluation of a Nomogram for Predicting the Outcome of Immune Reconstitution Among HIV/AIDS Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in China

“…[16,17] The nutritional status, [18] such as body mass index (BMI), [19] hemoglobin (HB), [20] and other parameters, [18] has been widely used for the assessment of prognosis of HIV-infected patients, but their roles in the assessment of immune recovery are still controversial. The immune reconstitution is also linked to viral co-infection (such as hepatitis B virus [HBV], [21] hepatitis C virus [HCV], [22,23] and syphilis, [24] ) and the specific ART protocol. [25] In addition to clinical factors mentioned above, other predictors of immune reconstitution after ART have also been reported, such as virological factors (HIV subtype and viremia at diagnosis) and genetic factors (chemokine gene variants).…”