Proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of NaCl stress-responsive proteins in Arabidopsis roots

Abstract

Salt is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting the productivity and the geographical distribution of crops. To gain a better understanding of NaCl stress responses in model plant Arabidopsis roots, the protein changes in the abundance (Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-350 stain) and phosphorylation (Pro-Q Diamond stain) were examined using twodimensional electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). Seventeen unique proteins differentially changed in abundance, phosphorylation, or both in response to NaCl. Nonsynchronous differences were found between total proteins and phosphorylated proteins. Protein synthesis, proteolysis, post-translational modifications, and isoforms might cause the differential protein redundancies. The identified proteins are involved in binding, catalysis, signal transduction, transport, metabolisms of cell wall and energy, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and defense. These protein changes provide new avenues of investigation into the underlying salt stress response in Arabidopsis roots and demonstrate the advantages of proteomic approach in plant biology studies.

The polyadenylation factor FIP1 is important for plant development and root responses to abiotic stresses

“…The subtle effects of the fip1‐2 mutation on poly(A) site choice belie the more dramatic phenotypes seen in the mutant, such as the diminished capacity to develop LRs, leaf growth, the tolerance to salt, and the increased sensitivity to cadmium and ABA. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses have identified a large number of genes/proteins involved in root development and the adaptation of plants to salt stress or ABA responses (Brady et al ., , ; Dinneny et al ., ; Li et al ., ; Guo et al ., ; Ding et al ., ; Kumar et al ., ). It is possible that among the numerous changes in poly(A) site choice that are seen in the fip1‐2 mutant, some of them affect important regulatory genes, which might have a large impact on plant development and responses; however, our results (Figure ) suggest an interesting alternative.…”

Elucidation of Abiotic Stress Signaling in Plants

“…Phosphorylation changes were detected by incorporation of isotope-labeled phosphate (Khan et al 2005 ) or fl uorescent, phosphoproteinspecifi c dyes (Zörb et al 2010 ;Huang et al 2011 ;Chitteti and Peng 2007 ;Ke et al 2009 ;He and Li 2008 ;Guo et al 2013 ). Intensity of the phosphoprotein-specifi c stain, often in comparison with a general protein stain, is an indicator for the phosphorylation status.…”

“…A number of other protein kinases are differentially expressed in response to salt in various plant species Chitteti and Peng 2007 ;Zörb et al 2004 ). Recent phosphoproteomic studies also analyzed phosphorylation changes in response to salt stress (Chitteti and Peng 2007 ;Hsu et al 2009 ;Chang et al 2012 ;Guo et al 2013 ;Khan et al 2005 ).…”

Investigation of Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance by Proteomics and Phosphoproteomics

“…Phosphorylation changes were detected by incorporation of isotope-labeled phosphate (Khan et al 2005 ) or fl uorescent, phosphoproteinspecifi c dyes (Zörb et al 2010 ;Huang et al 2011 ;Chitteti and Peng 2007 ;Ke et al 2009 ;He and Li 2008 ;Guo et al 2013 ). Intensity of the phosphoprotein-specifi c stain, often in comparison with a general protein stain, is an indicator for the phosphorylation status.…”

“…A number of other protein kinases are differentially expressed in response to salt in various plant species (Peng et al 2009 ;Chitteti and Peng 2007 ;Zörb et al 2004 ). Recent phosphoproteomic studies also analyzed phosphorylation changes in response to salt stress (Chitteti and Peng 2007 ;Zhou et al 2010 ;Hsu et al 2009 ;Chang et al 2012 ;Guo et al 2013 ;Khan et al 2005 ).…”