Proteomic Comparison of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar and the Role of E. histolytica Alcohol Dehydrogenase 3 in Virulence

Davis, Paul H.; Chen, Minghe; Zhang, Xiaochun; Clark, C. Graham; Townsend, R. Reid; Stanley, Samuel L.

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000415

Cited by 33 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This could be due to a combination of reasons. A previous report on proteomic analysis of lysates of the two Entamoeba species showed 141 spots expressed at a substantially (> 5-fold) higher level in E. histolytica HM-1:IMSS than in E. dispar [34]. Thus similar observation may be expected ESA.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Development and initial evaluation of a lateral flow dipstick test for antigen detection ofEntamoeba histolyticain stool sample

Saidin

Yunus

Othman

et al. 2017

Pathogens and Global Health

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Entamoeba histolytica infection remains a public health concern in developing countries. Early diagnosis of amoebiasis can avoid disease complications, thus this study was aimed at developing a test that can rapidly detect the parasite antigens in stool samples. Rabbits were individually immunized with recombinant pyruvate phosphate dikinase (rPPDK) and E. histolytica excretorysecretory antigens to produce polyclonal antibodies. A rapid dipstick test was produced using anti-rPPDK PAb lined on the dipstick as capture reagent and anti-EhESA PAb conjugated to colloidal gold as the detector reagent. Using E. histolytica-spiked in stool sample of a healthy individual, the detection limit of the dipstick test was found to be 1000 cells ml −1. Meanwhile when rPPDK was spiked in the stool sample, the minimum concentration detected by the dipstick test was 0.1 μg ml −1. The performances of the dipstick, commercial Techlab E. histolytica II enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and real-time PCR were compared using 70 stool samples from patients infected with Entamoeba species (n = 45) and other intestinal pathogens (n = 25). When compared to real-time PCR, the diagnostic sensitivity of the dipstick for detection of E. histolytica was 65.4% (n = 17/26); while the diagnostic specificity when tested with stool samples containing other intestinal pathogens was 92% (23/25). In contrast, Techlab E. histolytica II ELISA detected 19.2% (5/26) of the E. histolytica-positive samples as compared to real-time PCR. The lateral flow dipstick test produced in this study enabled rapid detection of E. histolytica, thus it showed good potential to be further developed into a diagnostic tool for intestinal amoebiasis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Development and initial evaluation of a lateral flow dipstick test for antigen detection ofEntamoeba histolyticain stool sample

Saidin

Yunus

Othman

et al. 2017

Pathogens and Global Health

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“…However, homologues of a majority of the genes that are assumed to be essential for pathogenicity are also present in the non-pathogenic species, E. dispar , which is genetically very closely related to E. histolytica but does not cause clinical symptoms [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TNFα-Mediated Liver Destruction by Kupffer Cells and Ly6Chi Monocytes during Entamoeba histolytica Infection

et al. 2013

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Amebic liver abscess (ALA) is a focal destruction of liver tissue due to infection by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica). Host tissue damage is attributed mainly to parasite pathogenicity factors, but massive early accumulation of mononuclear cells, including neutrophils, inflammatory monocytes and macrophages, at the site of infection raises the question of whether these cells also contribute to tissue damage. Using highly selective depletion strategies and cell-specific knockout mice, the relative contribution of innate immune cell populations to liver destruction during amebic infection was investigated. Neutrophils were not required for amebic infection nor did they appear to be substantially involved in tissue damage. In contrast, Kupffer cells and inflammatory monocytes contributed substantially to liver destruction during ALA, and tissue damage was mediated primarily by TNFα. These data indicate that besides direct antiparasitic drugs, modulating innate immune responses may potentially be beneficial in limiting ALA pathogenesis.

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“…ConA affinity chromatography enabled the identification of Ͼ100 E. histolytica secreted and membrane proteins by mass spectrometry. The gel-free mass spectrometric methods used here are easier than cutting proteins from two-dimensional protein gels and result in relatively fewer cytosolic proteins identified than methods in which membranes or lysosomes are isolated (12,26,37,51,52,55,56). However, these other mass spectrometric studies reveal differences between virulent and avirulent strains of Entamoeba and demonstrate accessory proteins (e.g., Rabs) involved in vesicle sorting, endocytosis, and protein secretion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Antiretroviral Lectin Cyanovirin-N Targets Well-Known and Novel Targets on the Surface of Entamoeba histolytica Trophozoites

et al. 2010

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Entamoeba histolytica, the protist that causes amebic dysentery and liver abscess, has a truncated Asn-linked glycan (N-glycan) precursor composed of seven sugars (Man 5 GlcNAc 2 ). Here, we show that glycoproteins with unmodified N-glycans are aggregated and capped on the surface of E. histolytica trophozoites by the antiretroviral lectin cyanovirin-N and then replenished from large intracellular pools. Cyanovirin-N cocaps the Gal/GalNAc adherence lectin, as well as glycoproteins containing O-phosphodiester-linked glycans recognized by an anti-proteophosphoglycan monoclonal antibody. Cyanovirin-N inhibits phagocytosis by E. histolytica trophozoites of mucin-coated beads, a surrogate assay for amebic virulence. For technical reasons, we used the plant lectin concanavalin A rather than cyanovirin-N to enrich secreted and membrane proteins for mass spectrometric identification. E. histolytica glycoproteins with occupied N-glycan sites include Gal/GalNAc lectins, proteases, and 17 previously hypothetical proteins. The latter glycoproteins, as well as 50 previously hypothetical proteins enriched by concanavalin A, may be vaccine targets as they are abundant and unique. In summary, the antiretroviral lectin cyanovirin-N binds to well-known and novel targets on the surface of E. histolytica that are rapidly replenished from large intracellular pools.Entamoeba histolytica causes amebic dysentery and liver abscess in the developing world (10,20,29). We are interested in E. histolytica glycoproteins containing Asn-linked glycans (Nglycans) for numerous reasons. E. histolytica makes an N-glycan precursor that contains 7 sugars (Man 5 GlcNAc 2 -PP-dolichol) rather than 14 sugars (Glc 3 Man 9 GlcNAc 2 -PP-dolichol) made by most animals, plants, and fungi (21,31,44). E. histolytica N-glycans are used for quality control of glycoprotein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen, and there is positive selection for sites of N-linked glycosylation in secreted and membrane proteins of E. histolytica (5,11,53).Unprocessed Man 5 GlcNAc 2 , by far the most abundant E. histolytica N-glycan, is present on the plasma membrane and vesicular membranes (31). The antiretroviral lectin cyanovirin-N, which is specific for ␣-1,2-linked mannose present on unprocessed N-glycans, binds E. histolytica N-glycans and forms aggregates or caps on the surface of E. histolytica trophozoites (1,25,31,44,45). E. histolytica glycoproteins are also capped by the plant lectin concanavalin A (ConA), which has a broader carbohydrate specificity (mannose and glucose) than cyanovirin- N (3, 16, 18, 19). Heavy subunits of the Gal/GalNAc lectin, the most important E. histolytica vaccine candidate, have 7 to 10 potential sites for N-linked glycosylation (32,39,43). Inhibition of N-glycan synthesis results in Gal/GalNAc lectins that are unable to bind to sugars on host epithelial cells.Carbohydrates appear to be an important target on the surface of E. histolytica as anti-proteophosphoglycan (PPG) monoclonal antibodies bind to O-phosphodiester-linked glycans...

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Proteomic Comparison of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar and the Role of E. histolytica Alcohol Dehydrogenase 3 in Virulence

Cited by 33 publications

References 34 publications

Development and initial evaluation of a lateral flow dipstick test for antigen detection ofEntamoeba histolyticain stool sample

Development and initial evaluation of a lateral flow dipstick test for antigen detection ofEntamoeba histolyticain stool sample

TNFα-Mediated Liver Destruction by Kupffer Cells and Ly6Chi Monocytes during Entamoeba histolytica Infection

The Antiretroviral Lectin Cyanovirin-N Targets Well-Known and Novel Targets on the Surface of Entamoeba histolytica Trophozoites

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