Proteomic dissection of the chloroplast: Moving beyond photosynthesis

Lande, Nilesh Vikram; Barua, Pragya; Gayen, Dipak; Chakraborty, Subhra; Chakraborty, Niranjan

doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103542

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Photosynthesis mainly transpires in the chloroplasts of leaf mesophyll cells [ 46 , 47 ]. To identify whether or which OsαCAs are involved in the photosynthesis process in rice, the expression levels of 11 OsαCA genes in flag leaves were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

OsαCA1 Affects Photosynthesis, Yield Potential, and Water Use Efficiency in Rice

Duan

Xue

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Plant growth and crop yield are essentially determined by photosynthesis when considering carbon dioxide (CO2) availability. CO2 diffusion inside a leaf is one of the factors that dictate the CO2 concentrations in chloroplasts. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are zinc-containing enzymes that interconvert CO2 and bicarbonate ions (HCO3−), which, consequently, affect CO2 diffusion and thus play a fundamental role in all photosynthetic organisms. Recently, the great progress in the research in this field has immensely contributed to our understanding of the function of the β-type CAs; however, the analysis of α-type CAs in plants is still in its infancy. In this study, we identified and characterized the OsαCA1 gene in rice via the analysis of OsαCAs expression in flag leaves and the subcellular localization of its encoding protein. OsαCA1 encodes an α-type CA, whose protein is located in chloroplasts with a high abundance in photosynthetic tissues, including flag leaves, mature leaves, and panicles. OsαCA1 deficiency caused a significant reduction in assimilation rate, biomass accumulation, and grain yield. The growth and photosynthetic defects of the OsαCA1 mutant were attributable to the restricted CO2 supply at the chloroplast carboxylation sites, which could be partially rescued by the application of an elevated concentration of CO2 but not that of HCO3−. Furthermore, we have provided evidence that OsαCA1 positively regulates water use efficiency (WUE) in rice. In summary, our results reveal that the function of OsαCA1 is integral to rice photosynthesis and yield potential, underscoring the importance of α-type CAs in determining plant physiology and crop yield and providing genetic resources and new ideas for breeding high-yielding rice varieties.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

OsαCA1 Affects Photosynthesis, Yield Potential, and Water Use Efficiency in Rice

Duan

Xue

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…Compromised polypeptide composition of photosys tems and light reaction: Chloroplast contains 30-50% of total cellular proteins, among which 80% are proteins embedded in the thylakoid membranes (Lande et al 2020). Salinity stress mainly impairs photosynthesis by altering the polypeptide composition of the photosystems.…”

Section: Characteristics Underlying Sensitivity Of Photosynthesis To ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthetic machinery under salinity stress: Trepidations and adaptive mechanisms

Krishna¹,

Pandesha²,

Sathee³

et al. 2023

Photosynt.

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Chloroplasts and photosynthesis are the physiologically fateful arenas of salinity stress. Morphological and anatomical alterations in the leaf tissue, ultrastructural changes in the chloroplast, compromise in the integrity of the three-layered chloroplast membrane system, and defects in the light and dark reactions during the osmotic, ionic, and oxidative phases of salt stress are conversed in detail to bring the salinity-mediated physiological alterations in the chloroplast on to a single platform. Chloroplasts of salt-tolerant plants have evolved highly regulated salt-responsive pathways. Thylakoid membrane remodeling, ion homeostasis, osmoprotection, upregulation of chloroplast membrane and stromal proteins, chloroplast ROS scavenging, efficient retrograde signalling, and differential gene and metabolite abundance are the key attributes of optimal photosynthesis in tolerant species. This review throws light into the comparative mechanism of chloroplast and photosynthetic response to salinity in sensitive and tolerant plant species. Highlights• Photosynthesis is highly sensitive to salinity stress • An interplay of physiological and molecular determinants exists in the sensitivity of chloroplast to salinity stress • The major tolerance and adaptive mechanisms to salinity are chloroplast membrane remodeling, ion homeostasis, and retrograde signalling

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“…The Rhopalodian nitroplasts have retained about 40% more protein-encoding genes than retained by UCYN-A, 67 about twice as many as retained by the Paulinella chromatophore, 68 and almost 30-times as retained by chloroplasts. 69 Genome reduction is a natural consequence of the shedding of genes made superfluous by the host environment, 47,66 but it takes time to achieve.…”

Section: Capabilities Implied By the Nitroplast Genome Iia Overview O...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…70 From proteomic experiments, it is clear that the great majority of chloroplast proteins are nuclear-encoded. 69 A much lower but still significant number is encoded by the nucleus of Paulinella. 71 Such studies have not been done with nitroplasts, and so at present, one can only perceivedimly --the nuclear contribution from an analysis of the nitroplast genomes (discussed below).…”

Section: Capabilities Implied By the Nitroplast Genome Iia Overview O...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering of crop plants to facilitate bottom-up innovation: A possible role for broad host-range nitroplasts and neoplasts

Elhai¹

2023

Preprint

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The astonishing gains in agricultural output since the 1960's has come at an environmental cost. It has also failed to bring much benefit to sub-Saharan Africa, the region of the world that is predicted to have the greatest population increase in the coming decades and greatest agricultural need. The increase in productivity required to feed the billions that will soon be added to the world's population is more likely to succeed if creative direction lies in the hands of those most intimately acquainted with local agricultural concerns. Nitrogen has been a major limitation, particularly in sub-Saharan agriculture, and I look here at the prospect for extending biological nitrogen fixation to the crops and practices of local interest. A source of optimism in this historically intractable problem is the discovery in certain algae of natural organelles – nitroplasts – derived from unicellular cyanobacteria that fix N2. Transferring nitroplasts to land plants seems possible only if the organelles rely little on their hosts. A survey of the metabolic capabilities of three of them indicate different degrees of independence. The nitroplast from the diatom Rhopalodia gibberula may need nothing from its host except a source of carbon (the nature of which is explored). The nitroplast from another diatom, Epithema turgida, is somewhat less independent, while the nitroplast from Braarudosphaera bigelowii (called UCYN-A) requires a great deal from its host, including imported protein. The evolutionary route to acquire proteins may have been greatly simplified if nitroplasts share proteins with chloroplasts, a co-resident cyanobacteria-derived organelle. The genomes of the diatom nitroplasts suggest the presence of a few enzymes that are rare in cyanobacteria but seemingly well suited to the special needs of a nitrogen-fixing organelle. I describe how the host-range of nitroplasts might be explored and how a stripped down version, called a neoplast, might simplify strain modification to such a degree that the process becomes accessible to academic researchers with limited resources, even to individual farmers.

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Proteomic dissection of the chloroplast: Moving beyond photosynthesis

Cited by 16 publications

References 122 publications

OsαCA1 Affects Photosynthesis, Yield Potential, and Water Use Efficiency in Rice

OsαCA1 Affects Photosynthesis, Yield Potential, and Water Use Efficiency in Rice

Photosynthetic machinery under salinity stress: Trepidations and adaptive mechanisms

Engineering of crop plants to facilitate bottom-up innovation: A possible role for broad host-range nitroplasts and neoplasts

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