Proteomic tools and new insights for the study of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Abstract

B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) is a hematological malignancy of immature B-cell precursors, affecting children more often than adults. The etiology of BCP-ALL is still unknown, but environmental factors, sex, race or ethnicity, and genomic alterations influence the development of the disease. Tools based on protein detection, such as flow cytometry, mass spectrometry, mass cytometry and reverse phase protein array, represent an opportunity to investigate BCP-ALL pathogenesis and to identify new biomarkers of disease. This review aims to document the recent advancements with respect to applications of proteomic technologies to study mechanisms of leukemogenesis, how this information could be used in the discovery of biological targets, and finally we describe the challenges of application of proteomic tools for the approach of BCP-ALL.

Update on Molecular Diagnosis in Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma and Its Role in the Era of Personalized Medicine

“…Protein expression is regulated at the transcription, translation, and post-translation levels. Compared with the relatively stable state of the genome, proteomics represents a more dynamic state and an ongoing process that underlies the initiation and progression of cancer cells [ 29 ]. Apart from traditional methods of studying protein expression, such as flow cytometry or Western blot, a few high-throughput methods are now increasingly used in cancer research, including the search for novel biomarkers, minimal residual disease (MRD) analysis, and deciphering signaling pathways of leukemogenesis; these high-throughput methods include mass spectrometry by electrospray ionization or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), protein microarrays, and mass cytometry (CyTOF) [ 30 ].…”

A new insight updates in diagnosis and management of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, cytogenetics, immunophenotyping, and proteomic profile

“…Exploring biomarkers for different hematological malignancies has drawn a lot of attention as a result of recent developments in proteomic-related technology. The conventional proteomic platforms' extensive protein analysis of proteins from cells, fluids, tissues, and organs has provided information on the complexity and heterogeneity of the malignancy at different phases of development and progression [16,17]. Proteomics is a cutting-edge technique for improving the detection of protein-based markers in ALL relapses and is a useful tool for creating customized and altered treatments [16,18].…”

“…The conventional proteomic platforms' extensive protein analysis of proteins from cells, fluids, tissues, and organs has provided information on the complexity and heterogeneity of the malignancy at different phases of development and progression [16,17]. Proteomics is a cutting-edge technique for improving the detection of protein-based markers in ALL relapses and is a useful tool for creating customized and altered treatments [16,18]. Proteomics has thus steadily become the main method in cancer research for characterizing aberrant protein expressions that may be used as disease biomarkers [17,19].…”