Proteomics analysis of the peritoneal dialysate effluent reveals the presence of calcium-regulation proteins and acute inflammatory response

Abstract

BackgroundPeritoneal dialysis (PD) is a form of renal replacement used for advanced chronic kidney disease. PD effluent holds a great potential for biomarker discovery for diagnosis and prognosis. In this study a novel approach to unravelling the proteome of PD effluent based-on dithiothreitol depletion followed by 2D-SDS-PAGE and protein identification using tandem mass spectrometry is proposed.ResultsA total of 49 spots were analysed revealing 25 proteins differentially expressed, among them many proteins involved in calcium regulation.ConclusionsRemarkably, a group of proteins dealing with calcium metabolism and calcium regulation has been found to be lost through peritoneal dialysate effluent, giving thus a potential explanation to the calcification of soft tissues in patients subjected to peritoneal dialysis and kidney injury. Comparison of literature dealing with PD is difficult due to differences in sample treatment and analytical methodologies.

Relative abundance of fetuin‐ A in peritoneal dialysis effluent and its association with in situ formation of calciprotein particles: An observational pilot study

“…1 Further studies are needed to validate either hypothesis, but this observation appears to have been confirmed by proteomic analysis of PDF recently. 18 We have previously shown that CPP may be taken up by macrophage and cause upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidant stress, including 8-iso-PGF2α. 10 We therefore measured the effluent concentrations of the free radical derived prostanoid and oxidant stress maker 8-iso-PGF2α, and, consistent with our in vitro data, we found a significant correlation with CPP levels.…”

“…An alternative explanation would be that peritoneal dialysis induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition and the resultant myofibroblasts produce fetuin‐A . Further studies are needed to validate either hypothesis, but this observation appears to have been confirmed by proteomic analysis of PDF recently …”

The Complement System in Dialysis: A Forgotten Story?

“…Additionally, the amount of C3 in the PD fluid does not depend on the serum concentration, suggesting that the C3 originates from local production ( 80 ). The study by Oliveira et al found strong protein abundance of Factor D in six adult PD patients ( 81 ), whereas a similar approach in 76 PD patients by Wen et al found significant protein expression of C4 and C3 only ( 82 ). Altogether, proteomic analyses of the dialysate of healthy PD patients has revealed the presence of C4, C3, Factor B, Factor D, Factor H, Factor I, and C9 ( 81 – 85 ).…”

A prospective, proteomics study identified potential biomarkers of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis in peritoneal effluent

“…Peritoneal dialysis effluent (PDE) biomarkers that could predict the onset or confirm the diagnosis of EPS would allow the development of prognostic tools and, potentially , the identification of future therapeutic targets. Proteomics technologies provide us with powerful tools for an in-depth exploration of the PDE proteome, yet relevant studies have been few and to date preliminary (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38) .…”