Proteomics Analysis of Urine to Examine Physical Effects of Warm Nano Mist Sauna Bathing

Abstract

Conventional sauna bathing may have some health benefits as it facilitates relaxing, detoxing and promoting metabolism. However, conventional sauna bathing at a high temperature may be harmful for the body by increasing the risk of heart failure. The nano-mist sauna has been developed to provide nano-size water particles at a lower temperature. Hence, nano-mist sauna bathing is expected to be useful for health without the risks that arise at high temperatures. In this study, we performed a comprehensive proteomics analysis of urine samples obtained from healthy volunteers before and after they had taken a sauna bath with nano-mist (n = 10) or with conventional mist (n = 10) daily for two weeks (4 groups). The average numbers of urine proteins identified by liquid chromatography-linked mass chromatography in each group varied from 678 to 753. Interestingly, the protein number was increased after sauna bathing both with nano-mist or with conventional mist. Quantitative analysis indicated that considerable numbers of proteins were obviously up-regulated, with more than two-folds in urine samples after the nano-mist sauna bathing. The KEGG pathway analysis showed significant stimulation of the lysosome pathway (p = 5.89E−6) after the nano-mist bathing, which may indicate the nano-mist sauna bathing promotes metabolism related to the lysosome pathway more efficiently than conventional mist sauna bathing and may provide more health benefits.

Investigating and Annotating the Human Peptidome Profile from Urine under Normal Physiological Conditions

“…Voided urine samples were collected from 19 healthy volunteers with no significant diseases ( Table S1 ) by health check at Shinrakuen Hospital according to the urine collection guide proposed by the HUPO Human Kidney and Urine Proteome Project (HKUPP) [ 20 ]. One ml of urine each was used for protein preparation by the methanol/chloroform precipitation method as described previously [ 21 ]. The supernatant, which contains small molecules such as endogenous peptides, was then processed further.…”