Proteomics approaches for the studies of bone metabolism

Abstract

Bone is an active tissue, in which bone formation by osteoblast is followed by bone resorption by osteoclasts, in a repeating cycle. Proteomics approaches may allow the detection of changes in cell signal transduction, and the regulatory mechanism of cell differentiation. LC-MS/MS-based quantitative methods can be used with labeling strategies, such as SILAC, iTRAQ, TMT and enzymatic labeling. When used in combination with specific protein enrichment strategies, quantitative proteomics methods can identify various signaling molecules and modulators, and their interacting proteins in bone metabolism, to elucidate biological functions for the newly identified proteins in the cellular context. In this article, we will briefly review recent major advances in the application of proteomics for bone biology, especially from the aspect of cellular signaling. [BMB Reports 2014; 47(3): 141-148]

Cytosolic proteome profiling of monocytes for male osteoporosis

“…Quantitative proteomics via liquid chromatography (LC) in tandem with mass spectrometry (MS) has been employed as a powerful strategy to profile proteome composition and identify differentially expressed proteins associated with human bone-related disorders [8, 12]. However, the extensive complexity of proteomes undermines the analytical capacity of MS, and low abundance proteins are prone to be masked by pooled high abundance proteins [13].…”

Protein expression during early stages of bone regeneration under hydrophobic and hydrophilic titanium domes. A pilot study

“…Currently, the number of studies applying full proteomics (not just the study of single pre-determined proteins) to understand the mechanisms behind bone regeneration are still limited. Most of the available literature consists of in vitro studies, where proteomics is applied to understand the differentiation and mechanism of action of bone cells/bone cell precursors 38,39 and bone cells treated with anti-osteoporotic medications, [40][41][42] or studies where the proteome of peripheral blood monocytes of patients with normal and with low bone mineral density are investigated. 43,44 Owing to technical challenges, very few in vivo studies have applied proteomics to bone samples.…”

Expression and functional proteomic analyses of osteocytes from Xenopus laevis tested under mechanical stress conditions: preliminary observations on an appropriate new animal model

“…Over the last decade, emerging proteomic analyses offered great opportunities for the identification of changes in the expression profile, which may help to understand the interplay of different events in various conditions. As regards bone tissue, up to now proteomic data are still scanty, and mostly refer to in vitro systems performed on bone cells, in particular osteoblasts and osteoclasts (Lammi et al 2006;Zhang & Wang, 2009;Hong et al 2010;Li et al 2013;Lee & Cho, 2014;Gennari et al 2015). Although these in vitro models can be useful to determine which proteins can be expressed by cultured cells under defined experimental conditions, they cannot help to establish in vivo which is the actual protein profile of a particular bone cell type according to different conditions.…”