Proterozoic Palaeokarst at Torrowangee, western New South Wales?

Discussion: Proterozoic palaeokarst at Torrowangee, western New South Wales?

“…2 in Branagan 1984); dip measurements in the shales are consistent with those in the limestone. The eastern and western faces of the quarry (Figs 3, 4 in Branagan 1984) represent sections subparallel to strike, so the shales appear more or less horizontal in these faces.…”

“…The clasts are similar in Iithology to the shales nearby, and were probably deposited by debris flows, which may have originated by slumping, as proposed by Cooper and Tuckwell (1978). However, as Branagan (1984) pointed out, the relationship between shale and limestone cannot be explained completely as a result of slumping and slide blocks, although Cooper and Tuckwell (1978) attempted to do so.…”

“…Westverging parasitic folds occur along most of the faults (Fig. 2 in Branagan 1984), and indicate clearly the reverse sense of movement. Displacement on the faults ranges from a few centimetres to tens of metres.…”

“…The sharp limestone/shale boundaries that cross-cut bedding in the shale (Fig. 3 in Branagan 1984) represent fault contacts, not unconformities, and some show the development of a thin zone of white fault gouge. In the quarry faces subparallel to strike (Figs 3, 4 in Branagan 1984), the fault contacts are parallel to bedding or at a low angle to it, because the strike directions of the faults, cleavage and bedding are subparallel.…”

“…The entire sequence is cut by a number of reverse faults, dipping at 50-70° E or ENE (see faulting within shale in centre of Fig. 2 in Branagan 1984). Associated with these faults is the development of a cleavage in the shales and the boudinaging of thin sandstone units interbedded with the shales.…”