Prothymosin α and parathymosin: Amino acid sequences deduced from the cloned rat spleen cDNAs

Frangou-Lazaridis, Maria; Clinton, Mike; Goodall, Gregory J.; Horecker, B.L.

doi:10.1016/0003-9861(88)90640-6

Cited by 67 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In addition, abnormal expression of PTMA has been reported in several malignant tumors, including gastric, colorectal and thyroid cancer, and upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma (12)(13)(14)(15). Similarly, parathymosin (PTMS) is another homologue of PTMA (16,17), which was first isolated from the mouse thymus in 1985 (18) and was found to promote cell proliferation by downregulating the level of glucocorticoids (19). PTMA has been demonstrated to be associated with RNA synthesis and processing, while PTMS is involved in early DNA replication (20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prothymosin-α and parathymosin expression predicts poor prognosis in squamous and adenosquamous carcinomas of the gallbladder

Chen

Yang

et al. 2018

Oncol Lett

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Abstract. The present study aimed to investigate the expression patterns of prothymosin-α (PTMA) and parathymosin (PTMS) in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), adenosquamous cell carcinoma (ASC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) of the gallbladder, and to assess their association with the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of the patients. A retrospective analysis of data pertaining to patients with SCC/ASC (n=46) and AC (n=80) of the gallbladder, who were treated with surgical resection, was conducted. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was also performed to assess the correlation of the expression pattern with survival. The results revealed a higher percentage of patients with a large tumor diameter (>3 cm) in the SCC/ASC group as compared with those in the AC group (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed between patients with SCC/ASC and those with AC with respect to the patient sex, presence of gallstones, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, invasive growth into anatomically contiguous structures, surgical methods used, survival rate, and the expression levels of PTMA and PTMA (P>0.05). However, positive expression of PTMA and PTMA was associated with tumor size, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, locally invasive growth, and treatment with radical resection in patients with SCC/ASC and AC (P<0.05). In addition, positive expression of PTMA and PTMA was observed in a significantly lower number of patients with advanced AC as compared with those in early AC (P<0.05), while these expression levels were also associated with shorter survival in the SCC/ASC group and AC group (P<0.05). Cox multivariate analysis also demonstrated a negative correlation between PTMA and PTMA levels, and the postoperative survival rate in the two groups. In conclusion, the present study indicated that the expression levels of PTMA and PTMA were closely associated with the tumorigenesis and progression of SCC, ASC and AC of the gallbladder. Positive expression of PTMA and PTMA may serve as a valuable prognostic factor in these patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prothymosin-α and parathymosin expression predicts poor prognosis in squamous and adenosquamous carcinomas of the gallbladder

Chen

Yang

et al. 2018

Oncol Lett

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“…However, the presence of both the protein [15] and its mRNA [9,16] in a wide variety of tissues and organisms, the lack of a hydrophobic signal in the ProT~ sequence [6][7][8][9][10][11] and the finding that ProTc~ mRNA is localized exclusively on free polysomes [8], are strong arguments against the possibility of an immunological role. On the other hand, a putative nuclear localization signal was detected in the ProT~ cDNA sequence [17] and several experimental approaches [18][19][20][21] have provided evidence that this polypeptide has a nuclear site of action.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prothymosin α gene is specifically expressed in ectodermal and mesodermal regions during early postimplantation mouse embryogenesis

Amo¹,

Freire²

1995

FEBS Letters

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Prothymosin a (ProTa) is a highly acidic nuclear protein, once believed to have an extracellular immunoregulatory role but more recently implicated in cell proliferation and/or differentiation. Several recent studies have revealed that ProTa mRNA is present during embryogenesis. However, these studies did not investigate the spatial distribution of ProTa mRNA in the embryo. Here we present a detailed study of the spatial distribution of ProTa mRNA during the early stages of postimplantation development (6.5--12.5 dpc) of the mouse. Three findings are of particular interest. First, ProTa mRNA levels increase during the early postimplantation stages (6.5-8.5 dpc) of mouse embryogenesis. Second, ProTcx mRNA is not uniformly distributed in the mouse embryo, but is present in a spatially specific manner. Third, we have observed that the mouse ProTa gene is expressed almost exclusively in ectodermal and mesoderm-derived structures, and not in cells which give rise to the definitive endoderm.

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“…It was named parathymosin because it is similar to prothymosin alpha in size and amino acid composition (11), although they present only limited sequence homology, primarily in the C-terminal region (8,13). Both peptides were initially claimed for an immunomodulatory role acting as thymic hormones, but this role has been questioned because of their ubiquitous distribution (4,10,11,20) and their lack of a hydrophobic signal sequence necessary for their secretion (5,7,9).…”

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confidence: 99%

Nuclear Localization of Parathymosin in Rat and Human Hepatocytes. A Light and Ultrastructural study.

García‐Caballero¹,

Rosón²,

Gallego³

et al. 1993

Acta Histochem. Cytochem

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Parathymosin (ParaT) is an almost ubiquitious peptide first isolated from rat thymus, the highest concentration being in the liver. Its subcellular localization is controversial and both a cytoplasmic and a nuclear distribution have been reported.The aim of the present work was to study the intracellular localization of ParaT in rat and human livers by light immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy procedures. Both in rat and human livers immunostaining for ParaT was found in the nuclei of hepatocytes, the nucleoli and the cytoplasms being negative. The intensity of immunostaining was variable from cell to cell, but virtually all hepatocytes were positive. No immunoreactivity was found in non-parenchymal cells. Immunogold labelling confirmed these results and showed that ParaT immunoreactivity was associated with both euchromatin and heterochromatin.Our results demonstrate that ParaT is localized in the nucleus of hepatocytes and support the idea that the inactivation of the cytoplasmic enzyme phosphofructokinase-1 is not the unique function of ParaT.

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Prothymosin α and parathymosin: Amino acid sequences deduced from the cloned rat spleen cDNAs

Cited by 67 publications

References 9 publications

Prothymosin-α and parathymosin expression predicts poor prognosis in squamous and adenosquamous carcinomas of the gallbladder

Prothymosin-α and parathymosin expression predicts poor prognosis in squamous and adenosquamous carcinomas of the gallbladder

The prothymosin α gene is specifically expressed in ectodermal and mesodermal regions during early postimplantation mouse embryogenesis

Nuclear Localization of Parathymosin in Rat and Human Hepatocytes. A Light and Ultrastructural study.

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