Prothymosin α enhances interleukin 2 receptor expression in normal human T-lymphocytes

Cordero, Oscar J.; Sarandeses, Concepción S.; López, José Luis; Cancio, Esperanza; Regueiro, Benito J.; Nogueira, Marco Aurélio

doi:10.1016/0192-0561(91)90156-2

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…We should mention that all these phosphorylated proteins (asterisks in Western blot of Figures 7C and D) were consistently present in raft fractions from ProTa-treated cells and were similar in size to some of the phosphorylated proteins detected in the whole cell lysates ( Figure 7A). Therefore, our results definitively involve a tyrosine phosphorylation cascade taking place in a raft microdomain environment as a response to the interaction of ProTa with its receptor, which agree with our previous results showing a proliferative effect of ProTa [29].…”

Section: Increased Tyrosine Phosphorylation In Response To Prota Takesupporting

confidence: 94%

Prothymosin alpha-receptor associates with lipid rafts in PHA-stimulated lymphocytes

Salgado

Piñeiro

Canda-Sánchez

et al. 2005

Molecular Membrane Biology

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Lipid rafts are specialized plasma membrane microdomains in which glycosphingolipids and cholesterol are major structural components. Their relative insolubility to nonionic detergents is the most widely used method to purify these structures. Several signalling proteins are associated with these microdomains in T lymphocytes, including receptors for growth factors and cytokines. ProTalpha is a highly conserved and widely distributed protein whose physiological functions remain elusive. In previous works we identified, by means of affinity cross-linking, affinity chromatography and fluorescence microscopy, a set of binding proteins for ProTalpha in human lymphoblasts. Now, this work goes deeply in that ProTalpha receptor description revealing, by different experimental approaches, its presence in lipid rafts. Moreover, our results fit a model in which a tyrosine phosphorylation signalling cascade confined to rafts is initiated upon ProTalpha receptor recognition, which represents an important and promising finding in the research for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory functions of ProTalpha.

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Section: Increased Tyrosine Phosphorylation In Response To Prota Takesupporting

confidence: 94%

Prothymosin alpha-receptor associates with lipid rafts in PHA-stimulated lymphocytes

Salgado

Piñeiro

Canda-Sánchez

et al. 2005

Molecular Membrane Biology

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“…The initial observations came from in vivo studies in animals, where proT was able to protect immunosuppressed mice against infections caused by Candida albicans and other opportunistic infections [30]. When added in lymphocyte cultures, proT enhanced antigen or mitogen-induced T cell proliferation, increased the production of interleukin (IL)-2 and the expression (both in number and in density) of its receptor on T cells [31,32] and upregulated major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen expression on human monocytes [33]. ProT was also shown to stimulate the cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells [34] and the induction of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells activity [35].…”

Section: The Dual-intracellular and Extracellular-role Of Protmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prothymosin alpha: a ubiquitous polypeptide with potential use in cancer diagnosis and therapy

Ioannou

Samara

Livaniou

et al. 2012

Cancer Immunol Immunother

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The thymus is a central lymphoid organ with crucial role in generating T cells and maintaining homeostasis of the immune system. More than 30 peptides, initially referred to as "thymic hormones," are produced by this gland. Although the majority of them have not been proven to be thymus-specific, thymic peptides comprise an effective group of regulators, mediating important immune functions. Thymosin fraction five (TFV) was the first thymic extract shown to stimulate lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation. Subsequent fractionation of TFV led to the isolation and characterization of a series of immunoactive peptides/polypeptides, members of the thymosin family. Extensive research on prothymosin α (proTα) and thymosin α1 (Tα1) showed that they are of clinical significance and potential medical use. They may serve as molecular markers for cancer prognosis and/or as therapeutic agents for treating immunodeficiencies, autoimmune diseases and malignancies. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying their effect are yet not fully elucidated, proTα and Tα1 could be considered as candidates for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we will focus in principle on the eventual clinical utility of proTα, both as a tumor biomarker and in triggering anticancer immune responses. Considering the experience acquired via the use of Tα1 to treat cancer patients, we will also discuss potential approaches for the future introduction of proTα into the clinical setting.

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“…More than 10,000 copies per cell of ProTα are found in kidney, liver, spleen, normal lymphocytes (predominantly T cells), human T-cell leukemia virus-infected T cells and myeloma cells (B-cell lineage) (Eschenfeldt and Berger, 1986). Several studies have demonstrated ProTα's function in immune regulatory activity and potentiation of the immune system (Cordero et al, 1991;Oates et al, 1988). Recent studies documented that ProTα also played a regulatory role in apoptosis because of the significance of this process in development, cell turnover, and tumorigenesis (Emmanouilidou et al, 2013;Jiang et al, 2003;Qi et al, 2010;Tripathi et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of two thymosins as immune-related genes in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Xiao

Shen

Hong

et al. 2015

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

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Prothymosin α enhances interleukin 2 receptor expression in normal human T-lymphocytes

Cited by 31 publications

References 15 publications

Prothymosin alpha-receptor associates with lipid rafts in PHA-stimulated lymphocytes

Prothymosin alpha-receptor associates with lipid rafts in PHA-stimulated lymphocytes

Prothymosin alpha: a ubiquitous polypeptide with potential use in cancer diagnosis and therapy

Characterization of two thymosins as immune-related genes in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

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