Protocol encompassing ultrasound/Fe3O4 nanoparticles/persulfate for the removal of tetracycline antibiotics from aqueous environments

Oxytetracycline Degradation by Heat-Activated Peroxydisulfate and Peroxymonosulfate Oxidation: Optimization by Box-Behnken Design

“…Ji et al (2016) emphasized in their study that 240 min was needed to achieve 100% removal in the persulfate process they activated with heat (Table 1). Malakotian et al (2019) reported that for OTC removal, 90 min were needed for approximately 93% removal with 4mM PS they activated with magnetite and UV. In their sonocatalysis with peroxydisulfate study by Kumar Subramani et al (2019), it was found that 1h was required for degradation of OTC at a concentration of 2mg/L with 99% yield (In this study, the temperature used is 55°C and the PS concentration was 1g/L).…”

“…Persulfate (PS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) are the most effective oxidants in the production of sulfate radicals . So far, the use of ultraviolet (Ao et al, 2019;Bi et al, 2020), microwave (Genc et al, 2020), sonication (Cherifi et al, 2019), heat treatment (Can-Guven et al, 2020), and transition metal ions (Malakotian et al, 2019;Bi et al, 2020) in PS and PMS activation has been tried in the removal of recalcitrant contaminants. Compared to the Fenton process, it has the potential to replace Fenton process applications since it is easier to store and transport persulfate than H2O2.…”

“…(Bi et al, 2020) Thermo activated OTC 0.03 mM PS: 2mM Temperature 50°C pH:7 100% in 240 min (Ji et al, 2016) UV/PS/Cu/NaHCO3 OTC: 0.01 mM, PS: 1 mM Cu : 0.01 mM NaHCO3 : 6 mM UV 80 mJ/cm2 approx. 99% (Liu et al, 2016a) Biochar and Bentonite supported Fe 0 OTC 10 mg/L PMS:0.1mM Biochar supported Fe0: 0.5 g/L 93% in 5 min Ultrasound/Fe3O4 Fe3O4: 0.3 g/L PS: 4 mM TC: 10 mg/L pH10 92.99% in 90 minute (Malakotian et al, 2019) Co3O4 CNT OTC: 20 mg/L Catalyst: 1.0g/L 93.6% in 80 min (Liu et al, 2020) UV TTC: 0.045 mM, PMS: 0.2 mM, pH 3.1, UV dose 150 mJ/cm2 98% (Ao et al, 2019) Response surface methodology (RSM) is a set of statistical methods used to find the optimum point based on independent variables. RSM is an experimental design that is widely used, and it both minimizes the amount of waste that can be generated and provides an optimized result faster.…”

Study of Photodegradation Performance and Ability of Lead Removal of Synthesized Maghemite Nanoparticles Using Ziziphus Jujuba Extract

“…The presence of these peaks indicated that iron oxide nanoparticles are capable of absorbing large amounts of OH groups of H 2 O on their outer surfaces. The absorption band in the range of 619-500 cm -1 corresponds to the vibration bands O-Fe-O and Fe-O [22,24].…”

Synergistic Effect between Ultrasound Irradiation and Na 2 CO 3 in N ‐Acylation Reaction: Applied for the Synthesis of Novel N ‐Acylcyanamide Derivatives

“…The application of this alternative energy in organic synthesis accelerates chemical processes via cavitation . This method consists of the formation, growth, and finally collapse of bubbles in a short time, which releases localized hot spots with harsh conditions such as high pressure and high temperature . Ultrasound irradiation, can accelerate chemical reactions and creating reactions faster than conventional methods along with the formation of pure products in higher yields .…”