Protocol for developing mutant generations for mutant selection.

Abstract

A practical step-by-step protocol is presented for mutation induction and mutation detection in oil palm. Germinated seed is chosen as the target material for mutation induction, as this provides the quickest development of mutant populations (as discussed in Chapters 3 and 4 of this manual). The protocol adopts gamma irradiation as this is a proven effective mutagen for mutation breeding. Genotyping is deployed in the M1 to select for mutants in target genes. These selections, plus a random selection of M1 plants, are then advanced from nursery to field conditions to produce mature palms, which may be self-pollinated to produce the M2 generation. The M2 generation is subject to phenotypic screening at all stages in plant development, from seed, germination, seedling, juvenile to adult palms. A list of target genes and traits for mutation is given. As discussed in Chapter 4 of this manual, there are two practical targets for mutation induction in oil palm: pollen and seed. The seed option is the more favoured, as it takes less time and involves only one pollination/seed production stage, thus saving time and labour. A step-by-step guide is provided in generating the M1 and M2 populations for mutant detection.