BackgroundJojoba (Simmondsia Chinensis L.) is a dioecious perennial evergreen shrub native to the south-western desert of North America and has now been introduced to Middles East. Currently, there is low production of jojoba globally, mainly due to the high male to female ratio in the plantations since they are mainly established from seed. Hence, a proper population stand in terms of the male: female ratio is almost impossible to maintain in the eld, leading to reduced production. We report a breakthrough in the methodology for determining the sex of jojoba plants. Our research revealed that the jojoba genome