Protocols for Packet Quantum Network Intercommunication

Yu, Nengkun; Lai, Ching-Yi; Zhou, Li

doi:10.1109/tqe.2021.3112594

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In [114], N. argue that the future Internet will integrate traditional and quantum Internet. Therefore, novel protocols should be constructed based on the innovation of the existing protocol set.…”

Section: ) Visible Light Spectrummentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Trends in the 6G Era: A Comprehensive Survey of Architecture, Applications, Technologies, and Challenges

et al. 2023

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While the fifth-generation mobile network is being commercialized worldwide, researchers have recently started looking towards the next generation, called the 6G network. Unlike 5G and previous generations of wireless technologies designed to improve network performance for greater bandwidth, lower latency and greater reliability, 6G ecosystems is considered a platform conducive to innovations in the fields of computing, artificial intelligence, connectivity and sensors, virtualization and more. It is designed to meet the requirements of higher global coverage, greater spectral efficiency, a reduced carbon footprint, with an emphasis on sustainability, equity, trust and security through unprecedented architectural evolutions and technology. 6G will be an integrated network system that includes a traditional terrestrial mobile network, space network, and underwater network to provide ubiquitous network access. Even if there are studies on vision of 6G network that have already been published, there is still a significant amount of ground to cover. There is no decision made yet regarding anything and nothing has been ruled out. The focus of this study is to identify a complete picture of changes in architectures, technologies, and challenges that will shape the 6G network. We hope the research results will provide indications for further studies on 6G ecosystems.

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Section: ) Visible Light Spectrummentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Trends in the 6G Era: A Comprehensive Survey of Architecture, Applications, Technologies, and Challenges

et al. 2023

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“…Beyond the path selection problem, other problems in quantum networks also need to be addressed, such as the scheduling of different services over some previously selected end-to-end path [37]. Moreover, the operation of a link needs to be maintained by taking care of packet losses, which requires specific protocols such as [38] and quantum error correction [39].…”

Section: A Quantum Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shortest Path Finding in Quantum Networks With Quasi-Linear Complexity

et al. 2023

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A fully-quantum network implies the creation of quantum entanglement between a given source node and some other destination node, with a number of quantum repeaters in between. This paper tackles the problem of quantum entanglement distribution by solving the routing problem over an infrastructure based on quantum repeaters and with a finite number of pairs of entangled qubits available in each link. The network model considers that link purification is available such that a nested purification protocol can be applied at each link to generate entangled qubits with higher fidelity than the original ones. A low-complexity multiobjective routing algorithm to find the shortest path between any two given nodes is proposed and assessed for random networks, using a fairly general path extension mechanism that can fit a large family of particular technological requirements. Different types of quantum protocols require different levels of fidelity for the entangled qubit pairs. For that reason, the proposed algorithm identifies the shortest path between two nodes that assures an end-to-end fidelity above a specified threshold. The minimum requirements for the end-toend entanglement fidelity depend on the whole extension of the paths, and cannot be looked at as a local property of each link. Moreover, one needs to keep track not only of the shortest path, but also of longer paths holding more entangled qubits than the shorter paths in order to satisfy the fidelity criterion. Thus, standard single parameter shortest-path algorithms do not necessarily converge to the optimal solution. The problem of finding the best path in a network subject to multiple criteria (known as multi-objective routing) is, in general, an NP-hard problem due to the rapid growth of the number of stored paths. This work proposes a metric that identifies and discards paths that are objectively worse than others. By doing so, the time complexity of the proposed algorithm scales near-to-linearly with respect to the number of nodes in the network, showing that the shortest-path problem in quantum networks can be solved with a complexity very close to the one of the classical counterparts. That is analytically proved for the case where all the links of a path have the same fidelity (homogeneous model). The algorithm is also adapted to a particular type of path extension, where different links along a path can be purified to different degrees, asserting its flexibility and near-to-linearity even when heterogeneous fidelities along the sections of a path are considered.INDEX TERMS Quantum networks, quantum repeaters, path-finding algorithm, end-to-end fidelity, multiobjective routing.The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Bijoy Chand Chatterjee .

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“…In addition, they have assumed teleportation-based quantum data exchanges. To the best of our knowledge, [41] was the first work that proposed an protocol-level approach to reliable transmissions based on TAG by leveraging a quantum secret sharing scheme, which however, is insufficient to achieve reliable end-to-end delivery in a QDN based on TAG. Thus, our work presented here is the first concrete work focusing on the transport-layer protocols for both TAG and teleportation based quantum data exchange methods.…”

Section: Background and Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Transport Protocols for Distributed Quantum Computing

Zhao,

Qiao

2021

Preprint

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Quantum computing holds a great promise and this work proposes to use new quantum data networks (QDNs) to connect multiple small quantum computers to form a cluster. Such a QDN differs from existing quantum key distribution (QKD) networks in that the former must deliver data qubits reliably within itself. Two types of QDNs are studied, one using teleportation (Tele-QDN) and the other using tell-and-go (TAG) (TAG-QDN) to exchange quantum data. Two corresponding quantum transport protocols (QTPs), named Tele-QTP and TAG-QTP, are proposed to address many unique design challenges involved in reliable delivery of data qubits, and constraints imposed by quantum physics laws such as the nocloning theorem, and limited availability of quantum memory, a precious resource in QDNs.The proposed Tele-QTP and TAG-QTP are the first transport layer protocols for QDNs, complementing other works on the network protocol stack. Tele-QTP and TAG-QTP have novel mechanisms to support congestion-free and reliable delivery of streams of data qubits by managing the limited quantum memory at end hosts as well as intermediate nodes, under distributed control. Both analysis and extensive simulations show that the proposed QTPs can achieve a high throughput and fairness. This study also offers new insights into potential tradeoffs involved in using two different types of QDNs.

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Protocols for Packet Quantum Network Intercommunication

Cited by 24 publications

References 42 publications

Innovative Trends in the 6G Era: A Comprehensive Survey of Architecture, Applications, Technologies, and Challenges

Innovative Trends in the 6G Era: A Comprehensive Survey of Architecture, Applications, Technologies, and Challenges

Shortest Path Finding in Quantum Networks With Quasi-Linear Complexity

Quantum Transport Protocols for Distributed Quantum Computing

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