Host–guest complexes are of interest as supramolecular
drugs
in pharmaceutical sciences because the activity of antibacterial agents
can be enhanced upon complexation with various cyclic oligomers or
metal ions, with some complexes possessing higher healing properties
than the parent drugs. Herein, to develop a microbiologically potent
supramolecular drug, we investigated the complexation of macrocyclic
hosts (resorcinarenes and β-cyclodextrin) with pirfenidone (PFD),
an FDA-approved antifibrotic drug containing an antibacterial pyridone
core. Electronic structure calculations gave insights into the interactions
in the host–PFD complexes. Further, complex formation and clinical
activities were investigated using spectroscopic techniques and in
vitro measurements of antibacterial activity against Gram-positive
and Gram-negative bacteria. An unprecedented interplay between the
antibacterial activity of the polyphenolic resorcinarene hosts and
their ability to interact chemically with PFD was found to improve
the overall antibacterial activity of PFD. These results could revolutionize
the use of synthetically modifiable resorcinarene and their analogues
for fine-tuning the clinical behavior of drugs.