Proton conductivity and morphology of new composite membranes based on zirconium phosphates, phosphotungstic acid, and silicic acid for direct hydrocarbon fuel cells applications

Al‐Othman, Amani; Zhu, Yuanchen; Tawalbeh, Muhammad; Tremblay, André Y.; Ternan, Marten

doi:10.1007/s10934-016-0309-6

Cited by 46 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Functionalized fullerene (FF) was inserted as a filler in Nafion by Rambabu et al The proton conductivity improved due to the presence of surface functional SO 3 H groups and exhibited better electrochemical selectivity and DMFC power output . Al‐Othman et al studied the effects of glycerol on the structure, morphology, and proton conductivity of a Nafion‐ZrP/PTFE composite membrane in direct hydrocarbon fuel cell applications. Glycerol leads to the formation of small‐sphere ZrP (100‐500 nm) in the GLY/ZrP/PTFE composite membrane.…”

Section: Additives In Different Types Of Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in additive‐enhanced polymer electrolyte membrane properties in fuel cell applications: An overview

2019

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Summary Additives such as fillers, cross‐linkers, and plasticizers have become increasingly important in the polymer nanocomposite production field, especially for enhancing the structural morphology, functional behavior, and final performance of nanocomposites in broad applications. The current work is an overview of the effects of additive substances such as fillers, cross‐linkers, and plasticizers in the polymer electrolyte membrane composites applied to fuel cells. A comparative review is conducted by categorizing fillers into several types, and the most popular cross‐linkers and plasticizers used in fuel cell membranes are included in this review. The highlighted properties include the proton conductivity, permeability, mechanical properties, thermal properties, crystallinity, and structure of additive‐modified nanocomposites. Furthermore, the challenges and future prospects in the additive field are discussed in Section 5.0. This review can provide a reference for researchers seeking specific substances that can be used to enhance nanocomposite properties, especially in membrane fuel cell applications.

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Section: Additives In Different Types Of Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in additive‐enhanced polymer electrolyte membrane properties in fuel cell applications: An overview

2019

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“…However, recently, as a lower‐cost alternative, sulfonated polyether ether ketone (s‐PEEK) and polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSSA) are also used . Additionally, some types are based on solid proton conductors, for example, zirconium phosphates . In this paper, the Nafion® membrane was assumed in the case studies.…”

Section: Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical materials in PEMFC systems and a LCA analysis for the potential reduction of environmental impacts with EoL strategies

Stropnik

Lotrič

Montenegro

et al. 2019

Energy Science & Engineering

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Commonly used materials constituting the core components of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), including the balance‐of‐plant, were classified according to the EU criticality methodology with an additional assessment of hazardousness and price. A life‐cycle assessment (LCA) of the materials potentially present in PEMFC systems was performed for 1 g of each material. To demonstrate the importance of appropriate actions at the end of life (EoL) for critical materials, a LCA study of the whole life cycle for a 1‐kW PEMFC system and 20,000 operating hours was performed. In addition to the manufacturing phase, four different scenarios of hydrogen production were analyzed. In the EoL phase, recycling was used as a primary strategy, with energy extraction and landfill as the second and third. The environmental impacts for 1 g of material show that platinum group metals and precious metals have by far the largest environmental impact; therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to these materials in the EoL phase. The LCA results for the 1‐kW PEMFC system show that in the manufacturing phase the major environmental impacts come from the fuel cell stack, where the majority of the critical materials are used. Analysis shows that only 0.75 g of platinum in the manufacturing phase contributes, on average, 60% of the total environmental impacts of the manufacturing phase. In the operating phase, environmentally sounder scenarios are the hydrogen production with water electrolysis using hydroelectricity and natural gas reforming. These two scenarios have lower absolute values for the environmental impact indicators, on average, compared with the manufacturing phase of the 1‐kW PEMFC system. With proper recycling strategies in the EoL phase for each material, and by paying a lot of attention to the critical materials, the environmental impacts could be reduced, on average, by 37.3% for the manufacturing phase and 23.7% for the entire life cycle of the 1‐kW PEMFC system.

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“…The membranes were initially hydrated by soaking them in de-ionized water before they were loaded between two stainless steel electrodes. The resistance of the membranes was calculated from the intercept with the Z real from the Nyquist plots [30]. The proton conductivity of the membrane was calculated at 45 °C from, where T is the thickness of the membrane (cm), R is the membrane resistance (Ω) and the A is the effective surface are exposed to proton transfer (cm 2 ).…”

Section: Proton Conductivity and Ion-exchange Capacity (Iec) Of The Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of proton exchange polyvinylidene fluoride membranes incorporated with sulfonated mesoporous carbon/SPEEK nanocomposite

2020

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Sulfonation of mesoporous carbon CMK-3 (sCMK-3) prepared by nano-casting technique was carried out post synthesis using one-step process. The incorporation of the acid groups was confirmed using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, TEM and BET isotherm. The sCMK-3 was incorporated into sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) to form a nanocomposite which was introduced into polyvinylidene fluoride matrix to form a proton exchange membrane. The physicochemical characteristics of the nanocomposite incorporated membranes were characterized using FTIR, ionic exchange capacity, water uptake, swelling ratio, mechanical stability and TGA. The nanocomposite incorporated membranes showed greater surface wettability and higher ion-exchange capacity. The presence of the -SO 3 H acid groups plays a major role in improving the proton conductivity through the Grotthuss-type mechanism. M4 membrane was identified to be a suitable replacement in the DMFC as it had sufficiently high tensile strength (862.2 MPa), high proton conductivity (0.081 S cm −1 ) at 45 °C and ultra-low methanol permeability (2.17 × 10 −8 cm 2 s −1 ). No evident hydrolytic damage could be identified and had sufficiently high thermal stability and hence can be proposed as a suitable alternative for Nafion membranes in high temperature, low humidity DMFC applications.

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Proton conductivity and morphology of new composite membranes based on zirconium phosphates, phosphotungstic acid, and silicic acid for direct hydrocarbon fuel cells applications

Cited by 46 publications

References 36 publications

Recent advances in additive‐enhanced polymer electrolyte membrane properties in fuel cell applications: An overview

Recent advances in additive‐enhanced polymer electrolyte membrane properties in fuel cell applications: An overview

Critical materials in PEMFC systems and a LCA analysis for the potential reduction of environmental impacts with EoL strategies

Preparation and characterization of proton exchange polyvinylidene fluoride membranes incorporated with sulfonated mesoporous carbon/SPEEK nanocomposite

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