Proton Exchange Membrane Hydrogen Fuel Cell as the Grid Connected Power Generator

Ahmed, Koushik; Farrok, Omar; Rahman, Mominur; Ali, Sawkat; Haque, M. Mejbaul; Azad, A.K.

doi:10.3390/en13246679

Cited by 42 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The energy efficiency of a PEMFC stack is around 45% [32]. The range lies around 40-60% depending on how it is built what it is composed of [78]. Cummins claims to have PEMFC efficiencies of 51-59% [79].…”

Section: Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Powertrain In Heavy-duty Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Heavy-Duty Vehicle Powertrain Technologies: Diesel Engine Vehicles, Battery Electric Vehicles, and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles

et al. 2021

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Greenhouse gas emissions from the freight transportation sector are a significant contributor to climate change, pollution, and negative health impacts because of the common use of heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDVs). Governments around the world are working to transition away from diesel HDVs and to electric HDVs, to reduce emissions. Battery electric HDVs and hydrogen fuel cell HDVs are two available alternatives to diesel engines. Each diesel engine HDV, battery-electric HDV, and hydrogen fuel cell HDV powertrain has its own advantages and disadvantages. This work provides a comprehensive review to examine the working mechanism, performance metrics, and recent developments of the aforementioned HDV powertrain technologies. A detailed comparison between the three powertrain technologies, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each, is also presented, along with future perspectives of the HDV sector. Overall, diesel engine in HDVs will remain an important technology in the short-term future due to the existing infrastructure and lower costs, despite their high emissions, while battery-electric HDV technology and hydrogen fuel cell HDV technology will be slowly developed to eliminate their barriers, including costs, infrastructure, and performance limitations, to penetrate the HDV market.

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Section: Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Powertrain In Heavy-duty Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Heavy-Duty Vehicle Powertrain Technologies: Diesel Engine Vehicles, Battery Electric Vehicles, and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles

et al. 2021

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“…The behaviour of a PEMFC stack was investigated considering stability and efficiency under different conditions, to optimise the operating points during connection to the grid [12]. The equivalent circuit of the simulated PEMFC is reported in Figure 3.…”

Section: Fuel Cell and Stacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…V0C is the open circuit voltage, Td is the response time, N the number of cells, Ifc and Vfc the current and voltage of the cell, IE the exchange current. The detailed mathematical model is as follows [12]:…”

Section: Fuel Cell and Stacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale Modelling of Fuel Cells and Related Energy Conversion Systems

Rossetti¹

2022

Preprint

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Heat and power cogeneration plants based on fuel cells are interesting systems for energy- conversion at low environmental impact. Different fuel cells have been proposed, but experimental testing rigs are expensive and the development of commercial systems is time consuming if based on fully experimental activities. Furthermore, tight control of operation of fuel cells is compulsory to avoid damage, which must be based on accurate models, able to predict the cell behaviour and prevent stresses and shut-down. Some selected examples of steady state, dynamic and fluid dynamic modelling of different types of fuel cells are proposed, mainly PEMFC and SOFC type. The general ideas behind the thermodynamic, kinetic and transport description are recalled, with some examples of models derived for single cells, stacks and integrated power co-generation units.

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“…Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are considered an effective variant to diesel distributed generations that can back up electricity and balance grid power. The key merits of these PEMFCs in power system applications are high start-up reliability, little costs for startup, low carbon emissions, rapid reaction to demand changes, and quiet operation [1][2][3][4][5]. For these reasons, the hydrogen-fueled cars on the global market have been fed by PEMFCs, where they participate in about 90% of fuel cell research and development [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Estimation of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Parameter Based on Coyote Optimization Algorithm

et al. 2021

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In recent years, the penetration of fuel cells in distribution systems is significantly increased worldwide. The fuel cell is considered an electrochemical energy conversion component. It has the ability to convert chemical to electrical energies as well as heat. The proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell uses hydrogen and oxygen as fuel. It is a low-temperature type that uses a noble metal catalyst, such as platinum, at reaction sites. The optimal modeling of PEM fuel cells improves the cell performance in different applications of the smart microgrid. Extracting the optimal parameters of the model can be achieved using an efficient optimization technique. In this line, this paper proposes a novel swarm-based algorithm called coyote optimization algorithm (COA) for finding the optimal parameter of PEM fuel cell as well as PEM stack. The sum of square deviation between measured voltages and the optimal estimated voltages obtained from the COA algorithm is minimized. Two practical PEM fuel cells including 250 W stack and Ned Stack PS6 are modeled to validate the capability of the proposed algorithm under different operating conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed COA is demonstrated through the comparison with four optimizers considering the same conditions. The final estimated results and statistical analysis show a significant accuracy of the proposed method. These results emphasize the ability of COA to estimate the parameters of the PEM fuel cell model more precisely.

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Proton Exchange Membrane Hydrogen Fuel Cell as the Grid Connected Power Generator

Cited by 42 publications

References 31 publications

A Review of Heavy-Duty Vehicle Powertrain Technologies: Diesel Engine Vehicles, Battery Electric Vehicles, and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles

A Review of Heavy-Duty Vehicle Powertrain Technologies: Diesel Engine Vehicles, Battery Electric Vehicles, and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles

Multiscale Modelling of Fuel Cells and Related Energy Conversion Systems

Optimal Estimation of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Parameter Based on Coyote Optimization Algorithm

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